Szilard机的粗粒度熵平衡

IF 1 3区物理与天体物理 Q3 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Foundations of Physics Pub Date : 2025-05-31 DOI:10.1007/s10701-025-00859-w

Heinz-Jürgen Schmidt, Thomas Bröcker

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引用次数: 0

摘要

为了通过与热力学第二定律测量相关联的外部干预来协调系统的熵减少，有两个主要建议：(i)熵减少由系统测量的熵增加来补偿（“西拉德原理”）。（ii）由于测量结果的消除，熵的减少被熵的增加所补偿（“兰道尔/贝内特原理”）。在科学辩论中，LB原理似乎被广泛接受。相反，在本文中，我们主张修改S原则，并在各方面批评LB原则。我们的方法是基于“条件行动”的概念，这是详细发展。为了说明我们的论文，我们考虑了著名的西拉德热机的一个变体的熵平衡，它被理解为一个经典的机械系统。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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Coarse-grained Entropy Balance of the Szilard Engine

In order to reconcile the entropy reduction of a system through external interventions that are linked to a measurement with the second law of thermodynamics, there are two main proposals: (i) The entropy reduction is compensated by the entropy increase as a result of the measurement on the system (“Szilard principle"). (ii) The entropy reduction is compensated by the entropy increase as a result of the erasure of the measurement results (“Landauer/Bennett principle"). It seems that the LB principle is widely accepted in the scientific debate. In contrast, in this paper we argue for a modified S principle and criticize the LB principle with regard to various points. Our approach is based on the concept of “conditional action", which is developed in detail. To illustrate our theses, we consider the entropy balance of a variant of the well-known Szilard engine, understood as a classical mechanical system.

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来源期刊

Foundations of Physics 物理-物理：综合

CiteScore

2.70

自引率

6.70%

发文量

104

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： The conceptual foundations of physics have been under constant revision from the outset, and remain so today. Discussion of foundational issues has always been a major source of progress in science, on a par with empirical knowledge and mathematics. Examples include the debates on the nature of space and time involving Newton and later Einstein; on the nature of heat and of energy; on irreversibility and probability due to Boltzmann; on the nature of matter and observation measurement during the early days of quantum theory; on the meaning of renormalisation, and many others. Today, insightful reflection on the conceptual structure utilised in our efforts to understand the physical world is of particular value, given the serious unsolved problems that are likely to demand, once again, modifications of the grammar of our scientific description of the physical world. The quantum properties of gravity, the nature of measurement in quantum mechanics, the primary source of irreversibility, the role of information in physics – all these are examples of questions about which science is still confused and whose solution may well demand more than skilled mathematics and new experiments. Foundations of Physics is a privileged forum for discussing such foundational issues, open to physicists, cosmologists, philosophers and mathematicians. It is devoted to the conceptual bases of the fundamental theories of physics and cosmology, to their logical, methodological, and philosophical premises. The journal welcomes papers on issues such as the foundations of special and general relativity, quantum theory, classical and quantum field theory, quantum gravity, unified theories, thermodynamics, statistical mechanics, cosmology, and similar.