Harnessing the Osteogenic Potential of Novel Copper Modified Baghdadite Nanogalleris Integrated in Silk Fibroin Electrospun Scaffolds for Enhanced Bone Regeneration

Electrospun silk fibroin (SF) fibers present an innovative solution for regenerating the intricate bone structure, tackling the critical issue of bone defects. Their customizable biodegradation and impressive mechanical strength foster the cell growth and differentiation. Moreover, integrating ceramic biomaterials into the engineered bones can enhance apatite formation and cell proliferation, thanks to their outstanding bioactivity. Herein, novel Cu-dopped baghdadite (Ca₃ZrSi₂O₉) was synthesized for the first time and employed as a bioactive filler in the SF nanofibers. Accordingly, SF nanofibers loaded with 3 and 5% baghdadite and Cu-doped baghdadite nanoparticles were fabricated. The results exhibited a significant reduction in the average fiber diameters through loading 3% baghdadite and Cu-doped baghdadite, respectively. Trimming SF fibers with fillers led to the formation of more crystalline zones, enhancing mechanical strength. Baghdadite nanoparticles decorated with Cu could boost apatite crystal formation on the SF fibers, providing a desirable condition for cell growth. The electrospun silk fibroin network, enhanced with 3% Cu-doped baghdadite, showcased remarkable antibacterial properties that are frequently underestimated in the context of bone regeneration. Additionally, it created an optimal environment for cell growth and adhesion. This groundbreaking material paves the way for significant advancements in bone tissue engineering, potentially transforming regenerative therapies and setting new standards in the field.

Graphical Abstract