Alternating current losses in MgB2 added bulk (Bi,Pb)-2223 superconductor

This study investigates the alternating current (AC) losses in pristine and MgB₂-added bulk Bi_1.8Pb_0.20Sr₂Ca₂Cu₃O_10+δ ((Bi, Pb)-2223) superconductors at 77 K. Polycrystalline pellets of (Bi, Pb)-2223 and 0.5, 1 and 2 wt.% MgB₂-added bulk (Bi, Pb)-2223 were synthesized using a solid-state reaction process. X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirms the presence of (Bi, Pb)-2223 as the primary phase in the crystal structure. Electrical resistivity measurements between 77 and 300 K reveals a decrease in the transition temperature (T_c) and an increase in the transition width (∆T_c) of (Bi, Pb)-2223 with increasing MgB₂ concentration. Diamagnetic response of the samples indicates a decrease in the superconducting volume fraction of (Bi, Pb)-2223 upon MgB₂ addition. Magnetic AC losses were measured as a function of applied magnetic field and frequency. The eddy loss contribution, estimated using the expression reported by Chattopadhyay and Dey [1,15,,2] has a measly contribution and hence confirms the dominant role of hysteresis loss in total magnetic AC losses.