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引用次数: 0
摘要
近年来,大量新数据的出现,表明了一种不同于主宰生物学一个多世纪的观点的遗传观点。这表明,跨代传递的是构建与预期环境条件相匹配的表型的发育手段。这些“发展手段”包括基因,但也包括父母留给后代的其他资源,以及父母参与构建后代发育的环境背景的活动。如果父母和后代的特征有相似之处,那是因为在世系中,表型是可靠地在几代人之间重建的。基因外遗传过程在进化中起着重要作用,但这种作用主要不同于基因遗传。它们最好被视为——不是噪音、微调或巴洛克式的“附加组件”(Wray et al. 2014)——而是短期、快速反应适应的基本工具。遗传的真正功能是作出有根据的预测。
Recent years have witnessed the emergence of extensive new data suggesting a different view of inheritance from the view that has dominated biology for over a century. It suggests that what is transmitted across generations are the developmental means to construct phenotypes predicted to match anticipated environmental conditions. Those ‘developmental means’ include genes, but also other resources that parents bequeath to descendants, as well as activities parents engage in to construct the environmental context in which their offspring develop. If there are similarities between the traits of parents and offspring it is because, within lineages, phenotypes are reliably re-constructed across generations. Extra-genetic inheritance processes do an important job in evolution, but that job is, in the main, distinct from that of genetic inheritance. They are best regarded – not as noise, fine-tuning or baroque “add ons” (Wray et al. 2014) – but as essential tools for short-term, rapid-response adaptation. The true function of heredity is to make an informed forecast.
期刊介绍:
acta ethologica publishes empirical and theoretical research papers, short communications, commentaries, reviews and book reviews as well as methods papers in the field of ethology and related disciplines, with a strong concentration on the behavior biology of humans and other animals.
The journal places special emphasis on studies integrating proximate (mechanisms, development) and ultimate (function, evolution) levels in the analysis of behavior. Aspects of particular interest include: adaptive plasticity of behavior, inter-individual and geographic variations in behavior, mechanisms underlying behavior, evolutionary processes and functions of behavior, and many other topics.
acta ethologica is an official journal of ISPA, CRL and the Portuguese Ethological Society (SPE)