Nadine K. Zawadzki, Feng Xie, Seth A. Seabury, John A. Romley, D. Steven Fox, Cynthia L. Gong, Roy S. Zawadzki, Xiayu Jiao, Ning Yan Gu
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In spring 2020, East South Central (ESC) had the most Mobility (38%) and Usual Activities (66%) problems, while Self-Care problems were greatest in Mountain (53%), and Anxiety/Depression greatest in East North Central (ENC, 72%) and West North Central (80%). In summer 2020, Self-Care problems were again greatest in Mountain (62%), while ENC saw the most Usual Activities (69%), Pain/Discomfort (67%), and Anxiety/Depression (83%) problems. By winter 2021, ESC had the most problems in Mobility (52%), Self-Care (79%), and Pain/Discomfort (79%), with Usual Activities (68%) only second to Middle Atlantic (69%). Both mean utility and EQ-VAS were significantly lowest in ESC in spring 2020 and winter 2021. Otherwise, utility and EQ-VAS trends generally disagreed. HRQoL varied considerably across regions, often worst in ESC. Variation was likely driven by multiple factors including case rates, policies, and preexisting vulnerabilities; these relationships should be explored in future research. Findings support the need for region-specific health interventions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51483,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research in Quality of Life","volume":"20 2","pages":"589 - 618"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11482-025-10427-z.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Measuring Regional Variations in US Population-Level Health-Related Quality of Life During COVID-19 Using the EQ-5D-5L\",\"authors\":\"Nadine K. Zawadzki, Feng Xie, Seth A. Seabury, John A. Romley, D. Steven Fox, Cynthia L. Gong, Roy S. Zawadzki, Xiayu Jiao, Ning Yan Gu\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s11482-025-10427-z\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>Regional variations in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) suggest non-uniform impacts on health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) across the US. This study measured regional variations in US population-level HRQoL during COVID-19. HRQoL was measured by the EQ-5D-5L in a three-wave cross-sectional online survey (spring 2020, summer 2020, winter 2021). Adjusted likelihood of any problems in EQ-5D-5L domains and adjusted mean utility and EQ-VAS were estimated and compared between US Census Bureau-designated region-divisions and waves. Regional variations were significant (<i>p <</i> 0.05) in all domains except Pain/Discomfort in spring 2020, Mobility in summer 2020, and Anxiety/Depression in winter 2021. In spring 2020, East South Central (ESC) had the most Mobility (38%) and Usual Activities (66%) problems, while Self-Care problems were greatest in Mountain (53%), and Anxiety/Depression greatest in East North Central (ENC, 72%) and West North Central (80%). In summer 2020, Self-Care problems were again greatest in Mountain (62%), while ENC saw the most Usual Activities (69%), Pain/Discomfort (67%), and Anxiety/Depression (83%) problems. By winter 2021, ESC had the most problems in Mobility (52%), Self-Care (79%), and Pain/Discomfort (79%), with Usual Activities (68%) only second to Middle Atlantic (69%). Both mean utility and EQ-VAS were significantly lowest in ESC in spring 2020 and winter 2021. Otherwise, utility and EQ-VAS trends generally disagreed. HRQoL varied considerably across regions, often worst in ESC. Variation was likely driven by multiple factors including case rates, policies, and preexisting vulnerabilities; these relationships should be explored in future research. 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Measuring Regional Variations in US Population-Level Health-Related Quality of Life During COVID-19 Using the EQ-5D-5L
Regional variations in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) suggest non-uniform impacts on health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) across the US. This study measured regional variations in US population-level HRQoL during COVID-19. HRQoL was measured by the EQ-5D-5L in a three-wave cross-sectional online survey (spring 2020, summer 2020, winter 2021). Adjusted likelihood of any problems in EQ-5D-5L domains and adjusted mean utility and EQ-VAS were estimated and compared between US Census Bureau-designated region-divisions and waves. Regional variations were significant (p < 0.05) in all domains except Pain/Discomfort in spring 2020, Mobility in summer 2020, and Anxiety/Depression in winter 2021. In spring 2020, East South Central (ESC) had the most Mobility (38%) and Usual Activities (66%) problems, while Self-Care problems were greatest in Mountain (53%), and Anxiety/Depression greatest in East North Central (ENC, 72%) and West North Central (80%). In summer 2020, Self-Care problems were again greatest in Mountain (62%), while ENC saw the most Usual Activities (69%), Pain/Discomfort (67%), and Anxiety/Depression (83%) problems. By winter 2021, ESC had the most problems in Mobility (52%), Self-Care (79%), and Pain/Discomfort (79%), with Usual Activities (68%) only second to Middle Atlantic (69%). Both mean utility and EQ-VAS were significantly lowest in ESC in spring 2020 and winter 2021. Otherwise, utility and EQ-VAS trends generally disagreed. HRQoL varied considerably across regions, often worst in ESC. Variation was likely driven by multiple factors including case rates, policies, and preexisting vulnerabilities; these relationships should be explored in future research. Findings support the need for region-specific health interventions.
期刊介绍：
The aim of this journal is to publish conceptual, methodological and empirical papers dealing with quality-of-life studies in the applied areas of the natural and social sciences. As the official journal of the ISQOLS, it is designed to attract papers that have direct implications for, or impact on practical applications of research on the quality-of-life. We welcome papers crafted from interdisciplinary, inter-professional and international perspectives. This research should guide decision making in a variety of professions, industries, nonprofit, and government sectors, including healthcare, travel and tourism, marketing, corporate management, community planning, social work, public administration, and human resource management. The goal is to help decision makers apply performance measures and outcome assessment techniques based on concepts such as well-being, human satisfaction, human development, happiness, wellness and quality-of-life. The Editorial Review Board is divided into specific sections indicating the broad scope of practice covered by the journal. The section editors are distinguished scholars from many countries across the globe.
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