Comparative analysis of nanomaterial adsorbents for nutrient recovery: unveiling the potential of silica-assisted nano hemicellulose in wastewater management

Nutrient recovery from sewage wastewater through nanomaterial adsorbents is a promising method for reducing environmental pollution and recycling essential nutrients. In this study, various adsorbents, specifically Chitosan (CHI), Ceramic-based Zeolite nanomaterial (N-Zs), and Silica-assisted Nano hemicellulose (Si-NHC), were prepared to analyze their capacity to adsorb NH₄⁺ and PO₄³⁻ from synthetic and real wastewater sources. The study revealed a notable adsorption capacity of 84.734 ± 10.165 mg/g and 0.192 ± 0.024 mg/g for NH₄⁺ and PO₄³⁻, respectively, by Si-NHC. The hydrothermally synthesized N-Zs show poor efficiency compared to other adsorbents. Optimal conditions for NH₄⁺ adsorption were identified at a pH of 5.5, utilizing 0.1 g of Si-NHC per 50 ml of solution, with a contact time of 2.5 h. An economic analysis of NH₄⁺ recovery from treated wastewater indicated advantages due to its lower cost and higher adsorption capacity. The higher adsorption capacity and degradable nature position Si-NHC as a viable candidate for use as a fertilizer. The detailed adsorption and desorption cycle durability and efficiency of the Si-NHC were also evaluated.