Nano-magnetic sorted CD29 +/CD44 +/CD105 + Bone MSCs alleviate cyclosporine nephrotoxicity and renal fibrosis

CD29/CD44/CD105-modified immunomagnetic liposomes (CD29/CD44/CD105-IMLs) were developed to isolate bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) with distinct phenotypes. A key BMSC phenotype capable of alleviating chronic cyclosporine-induced nephropathy was identified through in vivo experiments in mice, demonstrating its potential as an effective adjunctive therapy for mitigating renal fibrosis-induced injury. Four weeks post-transplantation, mice receiving CD29⁺, CD44⁺, and CD105⁺ BMSC groups exhibited improved overall health compared to the control group. Western blot analysis of autophagy-related proteins LC3-II and P62 revealed significantly lower expression levels in the CD44⁺ BMSC group compared to the CD29⁺ and CD105⁺ BMSC groups. In vivo imaging further demonstrated enhanced chemotactic ability of CD44⁺ BMSCs in mice with chronic cyclosporine-induced nephropathy at various time points. These findings suggest that transplantation of CD29⁺/CD44⁺/CD105⁺ BMSCs can delay the progression of renal fibrosis in mice with cyclosporine-induced chronic kidney disease. Notably, CD44⁺ BMSCs exhibited superior efficacy in alleviating renal fibrosis compared to CD29⁺ and CD105⁺ BMSC groups.