Daozheng Li, Diling Liang, Weifeng Deng, Guoen Wei, Tongning Li
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First, based on remote sensing techniques and InVEST model, we assessed the habitat quality in HNNNR and Non-reserve. Then, we implemented the DID model to evaluate the policy effects of HNNNR. Finally, with the existence of spatial spillover effects proven by the spatial econometric model, we adopted and improved the SDID model. This was adopted to evaluate the policy effects and spatial spillover effects of the establishment of HNNNR on the surrounding area and itself. We compared the results of the DID and SDID models and found that: (1) The establishment of the Heilongjiang Nanwenghe National Nature Reserve (HNNNR) has improved habitat quality both inside and outside the reserve, and the cumulative improvement in habitat quality is greater in the non-reserve area than within the reserve itself; (2) The core zone within the reserve showed the most significant improvement in habitat quality, while the buffer zone showed the least improvement; (3) The improvement of habitat quality in non-reserve was contributed by the policy spatial spillover effects, where the buffer zone has the strongest spillover benefits to the non-reserve, but the core zone has the weakest spillover effects to the non-reserve. Our results show the beneficial impact of a nature reserve for improving habitat quality in and around the nature reserve. This study provides a quantitative paradigm for assessing the conservation effectiveness of PAs across temporal and spatial scales. As an improved model, this would be pivotal for decision-makers in the management of existing PAs and the establishment of new PAs in future.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46392,"journal":{"name":"Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9000,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"How Nature Reserve Policies in China Support Local and Peripheral Biodiversity: Evidence from the INVEST-SDID Model\",\"authors\":\"Daozheng Li, Diling Liang, Weifeng Deng, Guoen Wei, Tongning Li\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s12061-025-09694-y\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>Biodiversity loss is a critical challenge globally, and protected areas (PAs) has been established as an important policy tool for conservation. 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This was adopted to evaluate the policy effects and spatial spillover effects of the establishment of HNNNR on the surrounding area and itself. We compared the results of the DID and SDID models and found that: (1) The establishment of the Heilongjiang Nanwenghe National Nature Reserve (HNNNR) has improved habitat quality both inside and outside the reserve, and the cumulative improvement in habitat quality is greater in the non-reserve area than within the reserve itself; (2) The core zone within the reserve showed the most significant improvement in habitat quality, while the buffer zone showed the least improvement; (3) The improvement of habitat quality in non-reserve was contributed by the policy spatial spillover effects, where the buffer zone has the strongest spillover benefits to the non-reserve, but the core zone has the weakest spillover effects to the non-reserve. 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How Nature Reserve Policies in China Support Local and Peripheral Biodiversity: Evidence from the INVEST-SDID Model
Biodiversity loss is a critical challenge globally, and protected areas (PAs) has been established as an important policy tool for conservation. However, doubts exist regarding their effectiveness, and their policy effects and spatial spillover effects on surrounding areas are poorly understood. To address this, this study evaluated the effectiveness of Heilongjiang Nanwenghe National Nature Reserve (HNNNR) in China by using a combination of InVEST model, the DID and SDID models. The study covers a time span of approximately 31 years (1990–2020) and is divided into two periods (1990–1999 and 1999–2020), which allows for the assessment of the effects of nature reserves in the region. First, based on remote sensing techniques and InVEST model, we assessed the habitat quality in HNNNR and Non-reserve. Then, we implemented the DID model to evaluate the policy effects of HNNNR. Finally, with the existence of spatial spillover effects proven by the spatial econometric model, we adopted and improved the SDID model. This was adopted to evaluate the policy effects and spatial spillover effects of the establishment of HNNNR on the surrounding area and itself. We compared the results of the DID and SDID models and found that: (1) The establishment of the Heilongjiang Nanwenghe National Nature Reserve (HNNNR) has improved habitat quality both inside and outside the reserve, and the cumulative improvement in habitat quality is greater in the non-reserve area than within the reserve itself; (2) The core zone within the reserve showed the most significant improvement in habitat quality, while the buffer zone showed the least improvement; (3) The improvement of habitat quality in non-reserve was contributed by the policy spatial spillover effects, where the buffer zone has the strongest spillover benefits to the non-reserve, but the core zone has the weakest spillover effects to the non-reserve. Our results show the beneficial impact of a nature reserve for improving habitat quality in and around the nature reserve. This study provides a quantitative paradigm for assessing the conservation effectiveness of PAs across temporal and spatial scales. As an improved model, this would be pivotal for decision-makers in the management of existing PAs and the establishment of new PAs in future.
期刊介绍：
Description
The journal has an applied focus: it actively promotes the importance of geographical research in real world settings
It is policy-relevant: it seeks both a readership and contributions from practitioners as well as academics
The substantive foundation is spatial analysis: the use of quantitative techniques to identify patterns and processes within geographic environments
The combination of these points, which are fully reflected in the naming of the journal, establishes a unique position in the marketplace.
RationaleA geographical perspective has always been crucial to the understanding of the social and physical organisation of the world around us. The techniques of spatial analysis provide a powerful means for the assembly and interpretation of evidence, and thus to address critical questions about issues such as crime and deprivation, immigration and demographic restructuring, retailing activity and employment change, resource management and environmental improvement. Many of these issues are equally important to academic research as they are to policy makers and Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy aims to close the gap between these two perspectives by providing a forum for discussion of applied research in a range of different contexts
Topical and interdisciplinaryIncreasingly government organisations, administrative agencies and private businesses are requiring research to support their ‘evidence-based’ strategies or policies. Geographical location is critical in much of this work which extends across a wide range of disciplines including demography, actuarial sciences, statistics, public sector planning, business planning, economics, epidemiology, sociology, social policy, health research, environmental management.
FocusApplied Spatial Analysis and Policy will draw on applied research from diverse problem domains, such as transport, policing, education, health, environment and leisure, in different international contexts. The journal will therefore provide insights into the variations in phenomena that exist across space, it will provide evidence for comparative policy analysis between domains and between locations, and stimulate ideas about the translation of spatial analysis methods and techniques across varied policy contexts. It is essential to know how to measure, monitor and understand spatial distributions, many of which have implications for those with responsibility to plan and enhance the society and the environment in which we all exist.
Readership and Editorial BoardAs a journal focused on applications of methods of spatial analysis, Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy will be of interest to scholars and students in a wide range of academic fields, to practitioners in government and administrative agencies and to consultants in private sector organisations. The Editorial Board reflects the international and multidisciplinary nature of the journal.
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