Investigation and characterization of NiO/MnFe2O4 nanocomposite for rapid synthesis of 1,5 benzodiazepine compounds under microwaves in green solvent

In this study, we focused on the use of an advanced nanocomposite, namely NiO/MnFe₂O₄, as a heterogeneous yet recyclable catalyst in an organic synthesis process. The main goal was the rapid and efficient synthesis of valuable 1,5-benzodiazepine derivatives. These compounds were obtained through a condensation reaction between 2-phenylenediamine and various chalcones. The outstanding feature of this method was that the reaction was carried out in completely solvent-free conditions using microwave radiation energy. One of the key advantages of this catalyst is its very high efficiency and remarkable reactivity. In addition, due to its magnetic properties, this catalyst can be easily separated from the reaction medium using a simple magnet, which facilitates its recovery and reuse and contributes significantly to the stability of the process. In order to better understand the properties of this nanocomposite, detailed investigations were carried out on its structure and morphology. These investigations were carried out using advanced analytical techniques such as X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The results of these analyses showed that the average particle diameter of the synthesized nanocomposite is about 65 nm, which plays an important role in increasing the active surface area of the catalyst and improving its performance. BET analysis revealed that the nanocomposite possesses a specific surface area of 7.56 m²/g and a pore diameter of 3.45 nm, which significantly enhance its catalytic activity. The use of microwaves in a solvent-free environment has significant advantages over traditional thermal methods. This method provides a fast, simple and safe process. Compared to conventional methods, the microwave method leads to higher yields and higher purity of the final product, while also minimizing energy consumption and waste generation. This makes it an attractive and environmentally friendly option for the synthesis of 1,5-benzodiazepine derivatives.