A novel framework for responsible energy consumption: merging responsible innovation, TPB, and scenario-based analysis

Energy consumption has garnered significant attention in recent years as a primary driver of global warming. Modifying consumer behavior, particularly within the residential sector, which accounts for a substantial share of global energy consumption and carbon emissions, is crucial for reducing consumption and achieving sustainable development. Aiming to integrate the concepts of Responsible consumption (RC) and behavioral interventions within the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) theoretical framework, this research seeks to develop a conceptual model to explain and promote responsible energy consumption behavior. Research data were collected through questionnaires and expert interviews. Data analysis was conducted using the Fuzzy Delphi Method, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) in SmartPLS4 software, and scenario writing employing the Cross-Impact Balance (CIB) method. In this study, Behavioral interventions (individual or combined) designed based on the principles of responsible innovation (RI) alongside TPB variables play a key role. The results indicated that combined interventions significantly impact the intention and behavior of Responsible consumption and, as mediating and moderating variables, play a significant role in translating intention into behavior. In contrast, individual interventions alone exhibit weaker effectiveness. Furthermore, 8 future-oriented scenarios for reducing household energy consumption were designed, revealing that participatory and supportive scenarios focused on promoting Responsible consumption behavior have a greater impact on behavior change. By integrating RI, TPB, and behavioral interventions within an analytical and scenario-based model, this research provides a novel framework for energy policymaking in developing countries. It emphasizes the operational and policy role of behavioral interventions.