{"title":"响应面法在水热辅助溶胶-凝胶法制备Ca-Mg共掺杂V2O5离子存储膜中的应用","authors":"Xiangru Yin, Qiqi Mei, Yinan Zhang, Guixiang Yang, Dequan Zhang, Mingyuan Liu, Runhong Du, Xiaoping Liang","doi":"10.1007/s10971-025-06820-7","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ca-Mg co-doped V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> films were synthesized via hydrothermal-assisted sol-gel method. Single-doped films (10 mol% Ca or Mg) outperformed undoped V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>, with 10Ca-V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> exhibiting superior ion storage capacity (102.87 mC/cm<sup>2</sup>) and 10Mg-V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> showing better optical modulation (ΔT). Co-doping at fixed 10 mol% total concentration created synergistic effects: Ca expanded the lattice for enhanced Li<sup>+</sup> storage while Mg improved charge transfer kinetics, with their combination yielding optimal porosity for electrolyte penetration. 2Ca-8Mg-V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> films demonstrated particularly efficient Li<sup>+</sup> diffusion and fast response (5.3 s coloring/3.7 s bleaching). Response surface methodology optimization revealed heat treatment temperature (346 °C) as the most influential parameter, followed by Ca (2.1 mol%) and Mg (7.8 mol%) contents. The optimized film achieved remarkable performance metrics: 57.4% ΔT, 102.87 mC/cm<sup>2</sup> capacity, and rapid switching, representing a 35% improvement over single-doped counterparts. These results demonstrate how strategic cation co-doping can simultaneously enhance multiple electrochromic properties through complementary structural and electronic modifications.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"115 1","pages":"199 - 215"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Application of response surface methodology for optimization of Ca-Mg Co-doped V2O5 Ion storage films by hydrothermal-assisted sol-gel method\",\"authors\":\"Xiangru Yin, Qiqi Mei, Yinan Zhang, Guixiang Yang, Dequan Zhang, Mingyuan Liu, Runhong Du, Xiaoping Liang\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s10971-025-06820-7\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>Ca-Mg co-doped V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> films were synthesized via hydrothermal-assisted sol-gel method. Single-doped films (10 mol% Ca or Mg) outperformed undoped V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>, with 10Ca-V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> exhibiting superior ion storage capacity (102.87 mC/cm<sup>2</sup>) and 10Mg-V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> showing better optical modulation (ΔT). Co-doping at fixed 10 mol% total concentration created synergistic effects: Ca expanded the lattice for enhanced Li<sup>+</sup> storage while Mg improved charge transfer kinetics, with their combination yielding optimal porosity for electrolyte penetration. 2Ca-8Mg-V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> films demonstrated particularly efficient Li<sup>+</sup> diffusion and fast response (5.3 s coloring/3.7 s bleaching). Response surface methodology optimization revealed heat treatment temperature (346 °C) as the most influential parameter, followed by Ca (2.1 mol%) and Mg (7.8 mol%) contents. The optimized film achieved remarkable performance metrics: 57.4% ΔT, 102.87 mC/cm<sup>2</sup> capacity, and rapid switching, representing a 35% improvement over single-doped counterparts. These results demonstrate how strategic cation co-doping can simultaneously enhance multiple electrochromic properties through complementary structural and electronic modifications.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":664,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology\",\"volume\":\"115 1\",\"pages\":\"199 - 215\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.2000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-06-02\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"88\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10971-025-06820-7\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"材料科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10971-025-06820-7","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
Application of response surface methodology for optimization of Ca-Mg Co-doped V2O5 Ion storage films by hydrothermal-assisted sol-gel method
Ca-Mg co-doped V2O5 films were synthesized via hydrothermal-assisted sol-gel method. Single-doped films (10 mol% Ca or Mg) outperformed undoped V2O5, with 10Ca-V2O5 exhibiting superior ion storage capacity (102.87 mC/cm2) and 10Mg-V2O5 showing better optical modulation (ΔT). Co-doping at fixed 10 mol% total concentration created synergistic effects: Ca expanded the lattice for enhanced Li+ storage while Mg improved charge transfer kinetics, with their combination yielding optimal porosity for electrolyte penetration. 2Ca-8Mg-V2O5 films demonstrated particularly efficient Li+ diffusion and fast response (5.3 s coloring/3.7 s bleaching). Response surface methodology optimization revealed heat treatment temperature (346 °C) as the most influential parameter, followed by Ca (2.1 mol%) and Mg (7.8 mol%) contents. The optimized film achieved remarkable performance metrics: 57.4% ΔT, 102.87 mC/cm2 capacity, and rapid switching, representing a 35% improvement over single-doped counterparts. These results demonstrate how strategic cation co-doping can simultaneously enhance multiple electrochromic properties through complementary structural and electronic modifications.
期刊介绍：
The primary objective of the Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology (JSST), the official journal of the International Sol-Gel Society, is to provide an international forum for the dissemination of scientific, technological, and general knowledge about materials processed by chemical nanotechnologies known as the "sol-gel" process. The materials of interest include gels, gel-derived glasses, ceramics in form of nano- and micro-powders, bulk, fibres, thin films and coatings as well as more recent materials such as hybrid organic-inorganic materials and composites. Such materials exhibit a wide range of optical, electronic, magnetic, chemical, environmental, and biomedical properties and functionalities. Methods for producing sol-gel-derived materials and the industrial uses of these materials are also of great interest.
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