A systematic review of resilience assessment and enhancement of urban integrated transportation networks

The last decade has seen increasing scholarly focus on the resilience of urban integrated transportation networks, driven by complex travel demands and growing systemic uncertainties. This review systematically summarizes the development of resilience research for urban multimodal transportation networks. It clarifies the concept of urban integrated transportation network resilience and explores evaluation metrics, assessment methodologies, and optimization measures for enhancement. First, the review identifies research hotspots in this field and defines the connotation and scope of transportation resilience. It then categorizes evaluation indicator systems based on network topology, traffic assignment, and the coupling of multi-system elements. Furthermore, it reviews quantitative and evaluation methodologies including numerical analysis, objective optimization, simulation modeling, and data-driven techniques. Resilience enhancement and optimization measures are discussed across different phases, including planning and design, emergency response, network restoration, post-recovery, and daily operations. Findings indicate that current evaluation systems mainly focus on single or dual-mode networks, inadequately accounting for supply-demand dynamics, as well as the multimodal coupling relationships. Although data-driven approaches and intelligent algorithms have gained prominence in resilience evaluation, they often failed to uncover the underlying mechanisms of resilience variation. Moreover, most enhancement strategies concentrate on emergency response and network restoration stages, with insufficient attention to a full life-cycle perspective. Finally, the paper proposes future research directions, highlighting full life-cycle resilience planning, multimodal network coupling, and the integration of data-driven approaches with intelligent algorithms.