美国成年人暴露于溴化阻燃剂与胆结石风险之间的关系

IF 6.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.119113

Xiuquan Shi , Yangyang Li , Lei Jin , Qiaoyu Xuan , Qingsheng Yu

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引用次数: 0

摘要

胆结石影响全球6-13.9 %的成年人，与代谢紊乱和环境污染物有关。溴化阻燃剂（BFRs）是一类具有肝毒性的持久性有机污染物，被认为与胆结石的发病机制有关；然而，现有的流行病学证据仍然没有定论。本研究旨在探讨血清BFRs与胆结石风险之间的关系，探讨非线性关系、混合暴露及其介导机制。材料和方法从NHANES（2017-2020）的15,560名参与者中，应用排除标准后纳入2026人。自我报告胆结石状况，分析检出率超过75% %的5例血清BFRs。该分析纳入了一系列协变量，包括人口统计、社会经济因素和健康相关变量。统计方法包括加权分位数和（WQS）回归、定量g计算（QGC）、限制三次样条（RCS）模型和中介分析，以评估非线性、累积效应和中性粒细胞/白蛋白比（NAR）的作用。结果在2026名参与者中，92% %报告饮酒。限制三次样条模型显示胆结石风险与四种BFRs呈正相关：二（1-氯-2-丙基）磷酸、二-2-氯乙基磷酸、磷酸二丁酯和磷酸二苯酯（P <； 0.05）。WQS和QGC分析表明，混合BFR暴露与胆结石呈正相关，其中磷酸二丁酯贡献最大（体重= 0.55）。中介分析显示，NAR介导了18.3% %磷酸二丁酯对胆结石的影响（P <； 0.001），但没有介导其他bfr的关联。结论在评估的BFRs中，磷酸二丁酯与胆结石发病率相关性最强，可能涉及与神经调节和激活相关的途径。虽然这些发现并没有建立因果关系，但它们表明BFR暴露可能会增加胆结石的风险。

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Associations between exposure to brominated flame retardants and gallstones risk in U.S. adults

Background

Gallstones, affecting 6–13.9 % of adults worldwide, have been associated with metabolic disturbances and environmental pollutants. Brominated flame retardants (BFRs), a class of persistent organic pollutants with hepatotoxic potential, have been hypothesized to contribute to gallstone pathogenesis; however, the extant epidemiological evidence remains inconclusive. This study aims to investigate the association between serum BFRs and gallstone risk, exploring nonlinear relationships, mixed exposures, and mediating mechanisms.

Materials and methods

From 15,560 participants in NHANES (2017–2020), 2026 individuals were included after applying exclusion criteria. Gallstone status was self-reported, and five serum BFRs with detection rates exceeding 75 % were analyzed. The analysis incorporated a range of covariates, including demographics, socioeconomic factors, and health-related variables. Statistical methods included weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression, quantitative g-computation (QGC), restricted cubic spline (RCS) models, and mediation analysis to assess nonlinearity, cumulative effects, and the role of the neutrophil-to-albumin ratio (NAR).

Results

Among the 2026 participants, 92 % reported alcohol consumption. Restricted cubic spline models revealed positive associations between gallstone risk and four BFRs: bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate, bis-2-chloroethyl phosphate, dibutyl phosphate, and diphenyl phosphate (P < 0.05). WQS and QGC analyses indicated that mixed BFR exposure was positively associated with gallstones, with dibutyl phosphate contributing most strongly (weight = 0.55). Mediation analysis showed that NAR mediated 18.3 % of the effect of dibutyl phosphate on gallstones (P < 0.001), but did not mediate associations for other BFRs.

Conclusion

Among the evaluated BFRs, dibutyl phosphate was most strongly associated with gallstone prevalence, potentially involving pathways related to neuromodulation and activation. Although these findings do not establish causality, they suggest that BFR exposure may increase the risk of gallstones.

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来源期刊

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 环境科学-毒理学

CiteScore

12.10

自引率

5.90%

发文量

1234

审稿时长

88 days

期刊介绍： Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety is a multi-disciplinary journal that focuses on understanding the exposure and effects of environmental contamination on organisms including human health. The scope of the journal covers three main themes. The topics within these themes, indicated below, include (but are not limited to) the following: Ecotoxicology、Environmental Chemistry、Environmental Safety etc.