Effects of continuous glucose monitoring on dietary behavior and physical activity: A systematic review and meta-analysis

This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the impact of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) on dietary behaviors and physical activity. A comprehensive search of six databases was conducted up to May 3, 2025, identifying 21 trials involving 1,488 adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, overweight, or obesity. Most studies used real-time CGM systems. Compared with control groups, CGM users showed a significantly lower proportion of energy intake from carbohydrates, although no significant differences were observed in total energy intake or in the proportions of energy from fat or protein. Pre-post analyses within intervention groups revealed significant reductions in total energy intake and changes in macronutrient composition. However, CGM use did not result in significant improvements in sedentary time or time spent in light or moderate physical activity. These findings suggest that CGM may facilitate healthier dietary behaviors through real-time, individualized feedback, though its effects on physical activity are limited. Further research is needed to evaluate the integration of CGM with AI-based interventions and to address the role of user health literacy in optimizing outcomes.