Molecular hybrid design, physicochemical, and thermal properties of new five quinoline sulfonyl hydrazide Schiff base derivatives: bioinformatics and antibacterial investigation

Quinoline-sulfonohydrazide Schiff bases (QSHSB) have been synthesized in a substantial amount through the reflux dehydration of quinoline-8-sulfonohydrazide with various functionalized aldehydes in absolute ethanol and 68–94 % yields. The condensation synthetic reaction of the new QSHSB was tracked via two primary spectroscopic tools such as UV–visible and FT-IR. The optical characteristics of the target QSHSB ligands Tauc's ΔE_g = 2.75–4.21 eV were revealed by effectively coordinating the UV–visible spectra with the experimental Tuac energy gap. Moreover, all the desired QSHSB ligands compositions were subjected additionally to MS, (¹H &¹³C) NMR, CHN-EA, and EDX analysis. According to the TG/DTG results, the ligands are a material with a stable one-step thermal breakdown up to 225 °C. Meanwhile, all QSHSB met the Lipinski's (Ro5) requirements, and the ideal molecular hybrid drug design was determined by docking bioinformatics study with −8.0-11.0 kcal/mol binding energies; the best design included QSHSB 2, as 4H-bonds with 1BNA were recorded. Moreover, the antimicrobial properties of QSHSB ligands have been demonstrated against both gram-positive and negative bacteria via MIC (62.5–125 μg/mL for 3), IZD (10–13 mm), and MBC (62.5–500 μg/mL) methods.