Qiqi Sun , Jean-Christophe P. Gabriel , Lay Poh Tan
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The issue of aquatic food waste has drawn significant attention. As a waste rich in valuable nutrients, reusing it can protect the environment while generating economic benefits. Supercritical, subcritical liquid, and gaseous CO₂ treatments have the advantages of being non-toxic, easy to recycle and not producing harmful byproducts. This review summarizes the utilization of supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO2) for the reuse of aquatic waste, including fish and algae, through extraction and fractionation to obtain omega-3, phospholipids, carotenoids, collagen, and other bioactive compounds, as well as its combination with other technologies to enhance efficiency. Additionally, it discusses the thermodynamic and kinetic modeling of the processes and their economic feasibility. Given the advantages of ScCO2 technology, it has the potential to see broader adoption in the aquatic food industry.
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