Jingzhen Yang, Guy N Brock, Danielle L Steelesmith, Amanda J Thompson, Elyse N Llamocca, Jeffrey A Bridge, Cynthia A Fontanella
{"title":"青少年和年轻人中脑震荡与自杀风险之间的关系。","authors":"Jingzhen Yang, Guy N Brock, Danielle L Steelesmith, Amanda J Thompson, Elyse N Llamocca, Jeffrey A Bridge, Cynthia A Fontanella","doi":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108127","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>. Limited data exists on the risk of suicide following diagnosed concussion, particularly among youth. This study addresses that gap by examining the association between concussion and suicide among youth enrolled in Ohio Medicaid.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>. This retrospective longitudinal cohort study used Ohio Medicaid claims linked with death certificate data from January 1, 2011, to December 30, 2020. The sample included 417,512 youth and young adults aged 5-24 years diagnosed with either concussion (n=41,341) or orthopedic injury (OI; n=376,171) and followed for up to 10 years. Cox regression models with inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) estimated the association between injury type and time to suicide death. Additional analyses evaluated the impact of concussions sustained during follow-up. Analyses were conducted between April and August 2024.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 42 suicides in the concussion group and 229 in the OI group. Youth with concussion had a higher suicide hazard than those with OI (HR=1.65, 95% CI=1.18-2.30) in IPTW-adjusted models. The 5-year risk difference was 0.034% (95% CI=0.006%-0.061%), equating to 34 additional suicides per 100,000 individuals. Concussions during follow-up were also associated with elevated suicide hazard (HR=1.52 per concussion event, 95% CI=1.12-2.05) after adjusting for demographic and clinical covariates.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Concussions were associated with more than 60% increased suicide hazard relative to orthopedic injuries. Each subsequent concussion further elevated the suicide hazard. Targeted suicide prevention strategies for youth with concussions may help reduce this risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":50805,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"108127"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Association between concussion and risk of suicide among youth and young adults.\",\"authors\":\"Jingzhen Yang, Guy N Brock, Danielle L Steelesmith, Amanda J Thompson, Elyse N Llamocca, Jeffrey A Bridge, Cynthia A Fontanella\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108127\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>. Limited data exists on the risk of suicide following diagnosed concussion, particularly among youth. This study addresses that gap by examining the association between concussion and suicide among youth enrolled in Ohio Medicaid.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>. This retrospective longitudinal cohort study used Ohio Medicaid claims linked with death certificate data from January 1, 2011, to December 30, 2020. The sample included 417,512 youth and young adults aged 5-24 years diagnosed with either concussion (n=41,341) or orthopedic injury (OI; n=376,171) and followed for up to 10 years. Cox regression models with inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) estimated the association between injury type and time to suicide death. Additional analyses evaluated the impact of concussions sustained during follow-up. Analyses were conducted between April and August 2024.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 42 suicides in the concussion group and 229 in the OI group. Youth with concussion had a higher suicide hazard than those with OI (HR=1.65, 95% CI=1.18-2.30) in IPTW-adjusted models. The 5-year risk difference was 0.034% (95% CI=0.006%-0.061%), equating to 34 additional suicides per 100,000 individuals. Concussions during follow-up were also associated with elevated suicide hazard (HR=1.52 per concussion event, 95% CI=1.12-2.05) after adjusting for demographic and clinical covariates.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Concussions were associated with more than 60% increased suicide hazard relative to orthopedic injuries. Each subsequent concussion further elevated the suicide hazard. Targeted suicide prevention strategies for youth with concussions may help reduce this risk.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":50805,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"American Journal of Preventive Medicine\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"108127\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.5000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-09-23\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"American Journal of Preventive Medicine\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108127\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108127","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
Association between concussion and risk of suicide among youth and young adults.
Introduction: . Limited data exists on the risk of suicide following diagnosed concussion, particularly among youth. This study addresses that gap by examining the association between concussion and suicide among youth enrolled in Ohio Medicaid.
Methods: . This retrospective longitudinal cohort study used Ohio Medicaid claims linked with death certificate data from January 1, 2011, to December 30, 2020. The sample included 417,512 youth and young adults aged 5-24 years diagnosed with either concussion (n=41,341) or orthopedic injury (OI; n=376,171) and followed for up to 10 years. Cox regression models with inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) estimated the association between injury type and time to suicide death. Additional analyses evaluated the impact of concussions sustained during follow-up. Analyses were conducted between April and August 2024.
Results: There were 42 suicides in the concussion group and 229 in the OI group. Youth with concussion had a higher suicide hazard than those with OI (HR=1.65, 95% CI=1.18-2.30) in IPTW-adjusted models. The 5-year risk difference was 0.034% (95% CI=0.006%-0.061%), equating to 34 additional suicides per 100,000 individuals. Concussions during follow-up were also associated with elevated suicide hazard (HR=1.52 per concussion event, 95% CI=1.12-2.05) after adjusting for demographic and clinical covariates.
Conclusions: Concussions were associated with more than 60% increased suicide hazard relative to orthopedic injuries. Each subsequent concussion further elevated the suicide hazard. Targeted suicide prevention strategies for youth with concussions may help reduce this risk.
期刊介绍:
The American Journal of Preventive Medicine is the official journal of the American College of Preventive Medicine and the Association for Prevention Teaching and Research. It publishes articles in the areas of prevention research, teaching, practice and policy. Original research is published on interventions aimed at the prevention of chronic and acute disease and the promotion of individual and community health.
Of particular emphasis are papers that address the primary and secondary prevention of important clinical, behavioral and public health issues such as injury and violence, infectious disease, women''s health, smoking, sedentary behaviors and physical activity, nutrition, diabetes, obesity, and substance use disorders. Papers also address educational initiatives aimed at improving the ability of health professionals to provide effective clinical prevention and public health services. Papers on health services research pertinent to prevention and public health are also published. The journal also publishes official policy statements from the two co-sponsoring organizations, review articles, media reviews, and editorials. Finally, the journal periodically publishes supplements and special theme issues devoted to areas of current interest to the prevention community.