Design and characterization of quercetin-embedded biocomposite hydrogel for the management of polycystic ovary syndrome: a dual in vitro and in vivo approach.

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most prevalent endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, leading to issues such as androgen excess, insulin resistance, obesity, and menstrual irregularities. Quercetin (QCT), a plant polyphenol, is effective in treating PCOS by regulating steroidogenic activity and helping to correct hormonal imbalances.

Methods: In this research, a hydrogel formulation containing QCT-loaded chitosan (CS) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was developed for the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The hydrogel was evaluated for various characteristics including pH (ranging from 4.3 to 5.3), spreadability (11.4 to 36.4 g cm/s), swelling index, viscosity, and in vitro drug release, revealing suitable parameters for its application. The release behavior indicated a non-Fickian diffusion mechanism, with a diffusional exponent of 'n ≥ 0.5,' demonstrating effective in vitro QCT delivery. Characterization techniques such as FT-IR, SEM, and DSC were employed to confirm the properties of the hydrogel. Subsequent in vivo studies on PCOS rat models showed significant results, including the recruitment and proliferation of normal ovarian follicles and the normalization of hormone levels, supporting the hydrogel's potential for effective PCOS therapy.

Conclusion: The study indicates that QCT-hydrogel is more effective than commercial preparations and represents a safe, natural topical therapy for PCOS.