Magdalena Sycińska-Dziarnowska, Liliana Szyszka-Sommerfeld, Monika Bugajska, Magdalena Ziąbka, Izabela Szućko-Kociuba, Gianrico Spagnuolo, Krzysztof Woźniak, Hyo-Sang Park
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This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of propolis-containing mouthwashes and toothpastes in reducing dental plaque and gingival inflammation.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023467573), and the review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive search of PubMed, PubMed Central, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science was performed up to 10 May 2025 to identify randomized controlled trials and observational studies assessing propolis-based mouthwashes or toothpastes. Data synthesis used random-effects meta-analysis due to anticipated heterogeneity among studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seven randomized controlled trials were included in the meta-analysis, evaluating the efficacy of propolis alcohol-free mouthwash on plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI). For PI, the pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) was 1.74 (95% CI: 0.19-3.29; <i>p</i> = 0.036), with low between-study heterogeneity (I<sup>2</sup> = 13.7%). For GI, the pooled SMD was 2.19 (95% CI: 1.10-3.29; <i>p</i> = 0.005), with no observed heterogeneity (I<sup>2</sup> = 0.0%). Propolis mouthwashes demonstrated large effect sizes, significantly reducing plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation compared to baseline.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The evidence supports the potential of propolis-containing mouthwashes and toothpastes in managing dental plaque and gingival health. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
牙菌斑如果不能通过适当的口腔卫生定期清除，就会导致蛀牙、牙龈炎和更严重的牙周病。有效清除牙菌斑是预防牙龈炎（牙周炎的前兆）的必要条件。蜂胶是一种以其抗菌、抗炎和抗氧化特性而闻名的蜂产品，已在牙科应用中显示出潜力。本系统综述和荟萃分析旨在评估含蜂胶漱口水和牙膏在减少牙菌斑和牙龈炎症方面的功效。材料和方法：研究方案在PROSPERO注册（CRD42023467573），并按照PRISMA指南进行审查。我们对PubMed、PubMed Central、Embase、Scopus和Web of Science进行了全面检索，直至2025年5月10日，以确定评估蜂胶漱口水或牙膏的随机对照试验和观察性研究。由于预期研究之间存在异质性，数据综合采用随机效应荟萃分析。结果：meta分析纳入7项随机对照试验，评价蜂胶无醇漱口水对菌斑指数（PI）和牙龈指数（GI）的影响。对于PI，合并标准化平均差（SMD）为1.74 (95% CI: 0.19-3.29; p = 0.036)，研究间异质性较低（I2 = 13.7%）。对于GI，合并的SMD为2.19 (95% CI: 1.10-3.29; p = 0.005)，没有观察到异质性（I2 = 0.0%）。蜂胶漱口水显示出很大的效果，与基线相比，显著减少菌斑积累和牙龈炎症。结论：证据支持含有蜂胶的漱口水和牙膏在管理牙菌斑和牙龈健康方面的潜力。以蜂胶为基础的口腔护理产品可能是牙齿卫生预防策略的一个有价值的补充，为减少牙菌斑和牙龈炎症提供了另一种选择。
Propolis as a Natural Remedy in Reducing Dental Plaque and Gingival Inflammation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Dental plaque, if not regularly removed through proper oral hygiene, can lead to tooth decay, gingivitis, and more severe periodontal disease. Effective plaque removal is essential in preventing gingivitis, the precursor to periodontitis. Propolis, a bee product known for its antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, has shown potential in dental applications. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of propolis-containing mouthwashes and toothpastes in reducing dental plaque and gingival inflammation.
Materials and methods: The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023467573), and the review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive search of PubMed, PubMed Central, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science was performed up to 10 May 2025 to identify randomized controlled trials and observational studies assessing propolis-based mouthwashes or toothpastes. Data synthesis used random-effects meta-analysis due to anticipated heterogeneity among studies.
Results: Seven randomized controlled trials were included in the meta-analysis, evaluating the efficacy of propolis alcohol-free mouthwash on plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI). For PI, the pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) was 1.74 (95% CI: 0.19-3.29; p = 0.036), with low between-study heterogeneity (I2 = 13.7%). For GI, the pooled SMD was 2.19 (95% CI: 1.10-3.29; p = 0.005), with no observed heterogeneity (I2 = 0.0%). Propolis mouthwashes demonstrated large effect sizes, significantly reducing plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation compared to baseline.
Conclusions: The evidence supports the potential of propolis-containing mouthwashes and toothpastes in managing dental plaque and gingival health. Propolis-based oral care products could be a valuable addition to preventive strategies in dental hygiene, offering an alternative for reducing dental plaque and gingival inflammation.
期刊介绍：
Journal of Functional Biomaterials (JFB, ISSN 2079-4983) is an international and interdisciplinary scientific journal that publishes regular research papers (articles), reviews and short communications about applications of materials for biomedical use. JFB covers subjects from chemistry, pharmacy, biology, physics over to engineering. The journal focuses on the preparation, performance and use of functional biomaterials in biomedical devices and their behaviour in physiological environments. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their results in as much detail as possible. Therefore, there is no restriction on the length of the papers. The full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced. Several topical special issues will be published. Scope: adhesion, adsorption, biocompatibility, biohybrid materials, bio-inert materials, biomaterials, biomedical devices, biomimetic materials, bone repair, cardiovascular devices, ceramics, composite materials, dental implants, dental materials, drug delivery systems, functional biopolymers, glasses, hyper branched polymers, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), nanomedicine, nanoparticles, nanotechnology, natural materials, self-assembly smart materials, stimuli responsive materials, surface modification, tissue devices, tissue engineering, tissue-derived materials, urological devices.
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