人胎盘绒毛树在健康和疾病中的三维微结构。

IF 4.6 2区 生物学 Q2 CELL BIOLOGY
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology Pub Date : 2025-09-10 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI:10.3389/fcell.2025.1639740
Nirav Barapatre, Hans-Georg Frank
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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景:胎盘功能障碍在胎儿生长受限(FGR)、先兆子痫(PE)和妊娠糖尿病(GDM)等妊娠并发症中起核心作用。3D显微镜和立体学分析的最新进展揭示了传统组织学无法检测到的微观解剖变化。目的:总结人类胎盘在FGR、PE和GDM过程中的关键形态学和细胞变化,重点关注绒毛树的结构、增殖滋养细胞动力学和性别特异性适应。方法:采用定量三维组织学综合研究,重点观察病变和正常妊娠胎盘的绒毛室体积、滋养细胞增殖标志物(PCNA)、细胞核分布模式和分支指数。结果:FGR胎盘表现为中央可收缩绒毛(c -绒毛)缺失,合胞核密度增加,两性二态性消除。在PE中,外周绒毛体积(nc -绒毛)减少,雌性胎盘中滋养细胞增殖明显增加,核间距破坏。GDM胎盘表现出绒毛分支的整体减少和绒毛滋养细胞增殖动力学的改变,特别是在没有胎盘巨大儿的女性中。结论:尽管临床表现不同,FGR、PE和GDM表现出特定但部分重叠的胎盘显微结构病理,其特征是滋养细胞失调和性别特异性适应。这些发现强调了胎儿性别和定量三维形态测量在推进我们对胎盘疾病机制的理解中的重要性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Three-dimensional microarchitecture of the human placental villous tree in health and disease.

Background: Placental dysfunction plays a central role in pregnancy complications such as fetal growth restriction (FGR), preeclampsia (PE), and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Recent advances in 3D microscopy and stereological analysis have revealed microanatomical changes not detectable by conventional histology.

Objective: To summarise key morphological and cellular alterations in the human placenta across FGR, PE, and GDM, with a focus on architecture of the villous tree, proliferative trophoblast dynamics, and sex-specific adaptations.

Methods: A synthesis of quantitative 3D histological studies was undertaken, focusing on villous compartment volumes, trophoblast proliferation markers (PCNA), nuclear distribution patterns, and branching indices in placentas from affected and control pregnancies.

Results: FGR placentas exhibit central loss of contractile villi (C-villi), increased syncytial nuclear density, and abolished sexual dimorphism. In PE, peripheral villous volume (NC-villi) is reduced, with marked increased proliferation of trophoblast in female placentas and disrupted nuclear spacing. GDM placentas show a global reduction in villous branching and altered proliferative dynamics of villous trophoblast, particularly in females, already in the absence of placental macrosomia.

Conclusion: Despite distinct clinical profiles, FGR, PE, and GDM exhibit specific yet partially overlapping placental microstructural pathologies, characterised by trophoblast dysregulation and sex-specific adaptations. These findings underscore the significance of fetal sex and quantitative three-dimensional morphometry in advancing our understanding of placental disease mechanisms.

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来源期刊
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-Cell Biology
CiteScore
9.70
自引率
3.60%
发文量
2531
审稿时长
12 weeks
期刊介绍: Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology is a broad-scope, interdisciplinary open-access journal, focusing on the fundamental processes of life, led by Prof Amanda Fisher and supported by a geographically diverse, high-quality editorial board. The journal welcomes submissions on a wide spectrum of cell and developmental biology, covering intracellular and extracellular dynamics, with sections focusing on signaling, adhesion, migration, cell death and survival and membrane trafficking. Additionally, the journal offers sections dedicated to the cutting edge of fundamental and translational research in molecular medicine and stem cell biology. With a collaborative, rigorous and transparent peer-review, the journal produces the highest scientific quality in both fundamental and applied research, and advanced article level metrics measure the real-time impact and influence of each publication.
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