中低收入国家合并症成人中金黄色葡萄球菌鼻咽定植的特征及与定植相关的因素

IF 3.4 3区 医学 Q1 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Juan Olivella-Gómez, Natalia Sanabria-Herrera, Paula O Narvaez-Ramirez, Lina Méndez, Cristian C Serrano-Mayorga, Julian Lozada, Ingrid G Bustos, Lina Fernanda Martínez, Erika Y García-García, Nury N Olaya-Galán, Diego Jaimes, Ignacio Martin-Loeches, Luis F Reyes
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引用次数: 0

摘要

简介:金黄色葡萄球菌是全球肺炎的一个主要原因,在低收入和中等收入国家(LMICs)造成的负担特别高。金黄色葡萄球菌的鼻咽定植在呼吸道感染的发病机制中起着关键作用。然而,现有的研究主要集中在儿科和免疫功能低下人群。关于一般成年人的数据,特别是中低收入国家的数据有限。本研究旨在确定患有慢性合并症的成人金黄色葡萄球菌NPC的患病率,并确定相关的危险因素。方法:从社区环境中招募患有慢性合并症的参与者。样品采用常规培养技术分离金黄色葡萄球菌。采用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱法对细菌进行鉴定。为了确定抗菌素耐药性特征,按照标准化临床微生物学方案进行了头孢西丁圆盘扩散和d区试验。参与者在入组后6、12和18个月进行纵向随访和重新采样,以评估随时间的定植动态。结果:共有810名成人入组。金黄色葡萄球菌NPC基线患病率为15.3%(124/810),其中耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)占11.2%(14/124),耐克林霉素金黄色葡萄球菌占6.4%(8/124)。在6个月的随访中,金黄色葡萄球菌定殖的累积发生率为14.2%。在多变量logistic回归分析中,主动吸烟(OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.06 ~ 2.85, p=0.02)和类风湿关节炎(OR 3.03, 95% CI 1.38 ~ 6.67, p)的发病率较高。结论:包括MRSA在内的金黄色葡萄球菌在成人慢性共病患者中较为常见。主动吸烟和自身免疫性疾病,特别是类风湿性关节炎,与增加的定植风险独立相关。这些发现对社区获得性肺炎的管理具有直接意义,支持考虑对高危患者进行经验性抗mrsa治疗。预防策略,包括戒烟和有针对性的疫苗接种,应在这一人群中优先考虑。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Characterisation of nasopharyngeal colonisation by Staphylococcus aureus and the factors associated with colonisation in comorbid adults in a low- and middle-income country.

Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of pneumonia globally, with a particularly high burden in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Nasopharyngeal colonisation (NPC) by S. aureus plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of respiratory infections. However, existing research has predominantly focused on paediatric and immunocompromised populations. Data on general adult populations, especially in LMICs, are limited. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of S. aureus NPC in adults with chronic comorbidities and identify associated risk factors.

Methods: Participants with chronic comorbidities were recruited from community-based settings. Samples were processed using conventional culture techniques to isolate S. aureus. Bacterial identification was confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation-time of flight mass spectrometry. To characterise antimicrobial resistance profiles, cefoxitin disc diffusion and D-zone tests were performed in accordance with standardised clinical microbiology protocols. Participants were longitudinally followed and resampled at 6, 12 and 18 months postenrolment to evaluate colonisation dynamics over time.

Results: A total of 810 adults were enrolled. Baseline S. aureus NPC prevalence was 15.3% (124/810), with 11.2% (14/124) of isolates being methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and 6.4% (8/124) showing clindamycin resistance. At 6-month follow-up, the cumulative incidence of S. aureus colonisation was 14.2%. In multivariable logistic regression, active smoking (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.06 to 2.85, p=0.02) and rheumatoid arthritis (OR 3.03, 95% CI 1.38 to 6.67, p<0.01) were independently associated with colonisation. Influenza vaccination was associated with reduced risk (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.94, p=0.02).

Conclusion: S. aureus NPC, including MRSA, was common among adults with chronic comorbidities. Active smoking and autoimmune diseases, particularly rheumatoid arthritis, were independently associated with increased colonisation risk. These findings have direct implications for community-acquired pneumonia management, supporting consideration of empiric anti-MRSA therapy in high-risk patients. Preventive strategies, including smoking cessation and targeted vaccination, should be prioritised in this population.

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来源期刊
BMJ Open Respiratory Research
BMJ Open Respiratory Research RESPIRATORY SYSTEM-
CiteScore
6.60
自引率
2.40%
发文量
95
审稿时长
12 weeks
期刊介绍: BMJ Open Respiratory Research is a peer-reviewed, open access journal publishing respiratory and critical care medicine. It is the sister journal to Thorax and co-owned by the British Thoracic Society and BMJ. The journal focuses on robustness of methodology and scientific rigour with less emphasis on novelty or perceived impact. BMJ Open Respiratory Research operates a rapid review process, with continuous publication online, ensuring timely, up-to-date research is available worldwide. The journal publishes review articles and all research study types: Basic science including laboratory based experiments and animal models, Pilot studies or proof of concept, Observational studies, Study protocols, Registries, Clinical trials from phase I to multicentre randomised clinical trials, Systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
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