Comparative Evaluation of Incidence of Cardiovascular Events Among Different Drug-Eluting Stent Features: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Background and Aims

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is often treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Various stent types are used during PCI, potentially resulting in different outcomes. Here, we compared major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) across different stents over a 5-year follow-up post-PCI.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study analyzed individuals receiving PCI from Iranian databases. Inclusion criteria encompassed drug-eluting stent recipients, excluding emergency surgical cases. Demographics, medical history, angiography, PCI details, and follow-up on MACE were collected and analyzed using Cox regression analyses.

Results

Out of 4159 recruited patients, MACE were observed in 10.2% of individuals over 5 years. Factors significantly associated with MACE included a history of heart failure (HR: 2.58, 95% CI: 1.92–3.47), hypertension (HR: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.52–2.30), and lower baseline ejection fraction (HR: 0.975, 95% CI: 0.952–0.997). Procedural elements like the number of stents used (HR: 1.008, 95% CI: 1.005–1.012) and their total length (HR: 1.008, 95% CI: 1.005–1.012) were also significant predictors. No significant relationship was found between the types of drug-eluting stents and MACE.

Conclusion

In a 5-year study of post-PCI patients, MACE rates were higher in those with lower ejection fractions and those with more stented vessels and longer stents but similar across different drug-eluting stents.