Surface Performance of Bioactive Glass–Polycaprolactone–Gelatin Nanocomposite Coating on Anodized Ti6Al4V Alloy

In this study, a polycaprolactone-gelatin composite coating containing 0, 5, 15, and 25 wt.% bioactive glass nanoparticles (with a size of 96 ± 12 nm) is electrosprayed onto the surface of anodized Ti6Al4V alloy to improve surface properties. Hydrophilicity increased with higher bioactive glass content, with the 15 wt% coating achieving a contact angle of 53.66°. Corrosion testing indicated that all coatings enhanced substrate protection, with the 15 wt% showing superior passivation.The bioactivity results show that a higher amount of hydroxyapatite have formed on the 15 wt.% sample, with a calcium-to-phosphorus ratio of 1.65. All coated groups revealed a non-cytotoxic behavior upon exposure to MG63 cells, with 15 wt.% demonstrating a better performance in terms of cell adhesion and proliferation. This group also presents antibacterial properties, forming halos with diameters of 13.92 and 10.57 mm for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. The findings support its potential as an advanced surface modification technique for orthopedic implants offering significant improvements over conventional methods.