Optimization of polysaccharide extraction from Mangifera indica using response surface methodology and evaluation of its antioxidant activity

The purpose of the present study was to explore the possibility of Mangifera indica (MI) residue as a novel source of polysaccharides by optimizing the extraction procedure and characterizing the resulting product. The polysaccharide content of the powdered kernels of MI was extracted with the aid of response surface methodology (RSM) to optimize the process. Box-Behnken design (BBD) was employed to improve the extraction variables, including centrifugation time (20 min) and force (6800 × g), number of extraction cycles (2), and ratio of water to raw material (18), where the obtained yield which was about 59.65 ± 1.09%. Then, the morphological and physicochemical properties of the extracted polysaccharide were studied using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Antimicrobial activities of the extract shown ideal 13.4 ± 0.21 and 10.8 ± 0.15 mm for gram-positive and 13.3 ± 0.43 mm of gram-negative bacteria, respectively. This shows that the ability of MI to reduce DPPH radicals was highly concentration-dependent, which suggests that the particles are very strong antioxidant (53.0 ± 5.13). From the cell viability study exhibits the proliferation of 3T3 mouse fibroblast cells on the surface of polysaccharide suggest that was non-toxic with the concentration ranges from 5 to 50 µg mL⁻¹. Moreover, MI-derived polysaccharides are sustainable, effective alternatives to traditional polysaccharides for widespread applications in homeostatic agent, absorbent, antimicrobial therapy, antioxidant formulations, and wound care.

Graphical Abstract