航天器多层窗口辐射吸收能量的研究

Laura Galuppi, Gianni Royer-Carfagni
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在近地轨道上运行的卫星的整体加热,主要是由于来自太阳的直接辐射、地球反照率和行星辐射,已经得到了很好的研究,但很少发现专门用于航天器开窗的透明板。最古老的材料选择是熔融二氧化硅;最近,丙烯酸玻璃被使用,但它的折光性能记录很少。分析了电磁波入射对由熔融石英或丙烯酸玻璃或两者组合组成的多层窗户的影响。利用文献中的折射率数据,然而,这些数据被发现是不完整的,有时是相互矛盾的,这个问题是通过计算每种材料的透射率和吸收率对能谱的依赖来解决的,这对于太阳和行星辐射是不同的。工作实例表明,熔融石英允许大多数辐射直接通过,而丙烯酸玻璃的特点是吸收取决于厚度;这可能会增加它的温度,带来一个问题,因为机械性能在\(100 ^{\circ }\textrm{C}\)附近的温度下会衰减。这项研究有助于对空间窗的热问题进行分析,因为玻璃可能由于热冲击、受限的热变化或温度浓度而失效。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Energy Absorption Through Radiation in Multilayer Windows for Spacecrafts

The overall heating of satellites operating in low Earth orbit, essentially due to direct radiation from the Sun, terrestrial albedo, and planetary radiation, is well studied, but little is found specifically on transparent plates used for windowing spacecrafts. The most historic material of choice is fused silica; more recently, acrylic glass is being used, but its refractive properties are poorly documented. The effects of electromagnetic waves incident on multilayer windows composed of panes of fused silica or acrylic glass, or a combination of these, are analyzed. Using data of refractive index from the literature, which, however, have been found incomplete and sometimes contradictory, the problem is addressed by accounting for the dependence of transmissivity and absorptivity of each material on the energy spectrum, which is different for solar and planetary radiation. Worked examples show that fused silica allows most radiation to pass directly through, while acrylic glass is characterized by absorption depending on the thickness; this can potentially increase its temperature, posing a problem since the mechanical properties decay at temperatures near \(100 ^{\circ }\textrm{C}\). This study contributes to the analysis of thermal problems for space windows, of considerable interest since glazing can fail due to thermal shocks, constrained thermal variations, or temperature concentrations.

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