{"title":"海草如何应对富营养化?从应激反应到分子适应机制","authors":"Songlin Liu, Yuying Huang, Hongxue Luo, Yuzheng Ren, Zhijian Jiang, Yunchao Wu, Xia Zhang, Xiaoping Huang","doi":"10.1007/s40726-025-00374-6","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose of Review</h3><p>Seagrass meadows, essential yet vulnerable marine ecosystems, display complex dual responses to eutrophication. These impacts are especially concerning in seagrass meadows due to the higher frequency and intensity of eutrophication. This review was aimed at summarizing stress responses and adaptive mechanisms of seagrass from the view of eutrophication.</p><h3>Recent Findings</h3><p>Moderate nitrogen and phosphorus inputs initially enhance photosynthesis and biomass accumulation in nutrient-poor environments by increasing chlorophyll synthesis and photosynthetic efficiency. However, prolonged exposure leads to detrimental effects, including light attenuation from algal blooms, ammonium toxicity impairing electron transport rates, and competitive exclusion by fast-growing algae. Species-specific tolerance varies significantly: resilient seagrasses like <i>Halodule wrightii</i> upregulate antioxidant enzymes (e.g., superoxide dismutase and catalase) and accumulate non-enzymatic flavonoids to mitigate oxidative stress, while sensitive species such as <i>Syringodium filiforme</i> suffer metabolic imbalances and biomass loss. Adaptive mechanisms span multiple scales. At the molecular level, stress-responsive transcription factors (e.g., <i>WRKY </i>transcription factor gene and <i>MYB </i>proto-oncogene transcription factor gene) regulate antioxidant and carbon metabolism genes in <i>Posidonia oceanica</i> under nutrient excess. Physiologically, seagrasses reallocate carbon to belowground tissues under shading and suppress algal competitors via allelochemicals. Ecologically, herbivory-mediated algal control indirectly reduces oxidative stress. Despite these adaptations, chronic eutrophication degrades ecosystem services and destabilizes fishery habitats.</p><h3>Summary</h3><p>This review summarized the stress responses and adaptive mechanisms of seagrass under eutrophication. Future research must address climate–eutrophication synergies and leverage omics technologies to decode epigenetic resilience mechanisms. Such interdisciplinary efforts are critical to preserving seagrass meadows as blue carbon hubs and biodiversity refuges in rapidly changing coastal ecosystems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":528,"journal":{"name":"Current Pollution Reports","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.1000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"How Does Seagrass Cope with Eutrophication? From Stress Responses to Molecular Adaptive Mechanisms\",\"authors\":\"Songlin Liu, Yuying Huang, Hongxue Luo, Yuzheng Ren, Zhijian Jiang, Yunchao Wu, Xia Zhang, Xiaoping Huang\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s40726-025-00374-6\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><h3>Purpose of Review</h3><p>Seagrass meadows, essential yet vulnerable marine ecosystems, display complex dual responses to eutrophication. These impacts are especially concerning in seagrass meadows due to the higher frequency and intensity of eutrophication. This review was aimed at summarizing stress responses and adaptive mechanisms of seagrass from the view of eutrophication.</p><h3>Recent Findings</h3><p>Moderate nitrogen and phosphorus inputs initially enhance photosynthesis and biomass accumulation in nutrient-poor environments by increasing chlorophyll synthesis and photosynthetic efficiency. However, prolonged exposure leads to detrimental effects, including light attenuation from algal blooms, ammonium toxicity impairing electron transport rates, and competitive exclusion by fast-growing algae. Species-specific tolerance varies significantly: resilient seagrasses like <i>Halodule wrightii</i> upregulate antioxidant enzymes (e.g., superoxide dismutase and catalase) and accumulate non-enzymatic flavonoids to mitigate oxidative stress, while sensitive species such as <i>Syringodium filiforme</i> suffer metabolic imbalances and biomass loss. Adaptive mechanisms span multiple scales. At the molecular level, stress-responsive transcription factors (e.g., <i>WRKY </i>transcription factor gene and <i>MYB </i>proto-oncogene transcription factor gene) regulate antioxidant and carbon metabolism genes in <i>Posidonia oceanica</i> under nutrient excess. Physiologically, seagrasses reallocate carbon to belowground tissues under shading and suppress algal competitors via allelochemicals. Ecologically, herbivory-mediated algal control indirectly reduces oxidative stress. Despite these adaptations, chronic eutrophication degrades ecosystem services and destabilizes fishery habitats.</p><h3>Summary</h3><p>This review summarized the stress responses and adaptive mechanisms of seagrass under eutrophication. Future research must address climate–eutrophication synergies and leverage omics technologies to decode epigenetic resilience mechanisms. Such interdisciplinary efforts are critical to preserving seagrass meadows as blue carbon hubs and biodiversity refuges in rapidly changing coastal ecosystems.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":528,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Current Pollution Reports\",\"volume\":\"11 1\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":8.1000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-06-16\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Current Pollution Reports\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"93\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40726-025-00374-6\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"环境科学与生态学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Current Pollution Reports","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40726-025-00374-6","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
How Does Seagrass Cope with Eutrophication? From Stress Responses to Molecular Adaptive Mechanisms
Purpose of Review
Seagrass meadows, essential yet vulnerable marine ecosystems, display complex dual responses to eutrophication. These impacts are especially concerning in seagrass meadows due to the higher frequency and intensity of eutrophication. This review was aimed at summarizing stress responses and adaptive mechanisms of seagrass from the view of eutrophication.
Recent Findings
Moderate nitrogen and phosphorus inputs initially enhance photosynthesis and biomass accumulation in nutrient-poor environments by increasing chlorophyll synthesis and photosynthetic efficiency. However, prolonged exposure leads to detrimental effects, including light attenuation from algal blooms, ammonium toxicity impairing electron transport rates, and competitive exclusion by fast-growing algae. Species-specific tolerance varies significantly: resilient seagrasses like Halodule wrightii upregulate antioxidant enzymes (e.g., superoxide dismutase and catalase) and accumulate non-enzymatic flavonoids to mitigate oxidative stress, while sensitive species such as Syringodium filiforme suffer metabolic imbalances and biomass loss. Adaptive mechanisms span multiple scales. At the molecular level, stress-responsive transcription factors (e.g., WRKY transcription factor gene and MYB proto-oncogene transcription factor gene) regulate antioxidant and carbon metabolism genes in Posidonia oceanica under nutrient excess. Physiologically, seagrasses reallocate carbon to belowground tissues under shading and suppress algal competitors via allelochemicals. Ecologically, herbivory-mediated algal control indirectly reduces oxidative stress. Despite these adaptations, chronic eutrophication degrades ecosystem services and destabilizes fishery habitats.
Summary
This review summarized the stress responses and adaptive mechanisms of seagrass under eutrophication. Future research must address climate–eutrophication synergies and leverage omics technologies to decode epigenetic resilience mechanisms. Such interdisciplinary efforts are critical to preserving seagrass meadows as blue carbon hubs and biodiversity refuges in rapidly changing coastal ecosystems.
期刊介绍:
Current Pollution Reports provides in-depth review articles contributed by international experts on the most significant developments in the field of environmental pollution.By presenting clear, insightful, balanced reviews that emphasize recently published papers of major importance, the journal elucidates current and emerging approaches to identification, characterization, treatment, management of pollutants and much more.