Bioactive nanoglass-MXene heterojunction with enzymatic-thermal coupling for MRSA-infected wound therapy

Drug-resistance bacteria infected wound repair remains a significant challenge in skin surgery treatment, posing infection-induced injury, oxidative stress, and impaired angiogenesis. Herein, a multifunctional bioactive heterojunction nanoplatform with integrated nanoenzymatic and microthermal activity for treating infected wounds was reported. The nanoplatform was constructed by immobilizing bioactive nanoglass vitrified ε-poly-L-lysine modified MXene nanosheets (BM), creating BM nanosystems with microthermal, antimicrobial, immunoregulated, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and angiogenesis-promoting effects. The BM significantly inhibited the growth of various bacteria in vitro, while demonstrating good cytocompatibility and hemocompatibility. BM displayed robust antioxidant enzyme properties including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities. BM showed strong anti-inflammatory activity through promoting the transition of M1 to M2 macrophages phenotype. BM combined with enzyme activity and microthermal therapy can promote vascular regeneration by activating the classical PI3K/Akt pathway through initiating heat stress in vascular endothelial cells, trigger the cell proliferation and migration by activating the cell cycle and the a6b1 and a6b4 integrin signaling pathways, and improve drug-resistance (MRSA)-infected wound repair through anti- infection, anti-inflammatory and promotion of angiogenesis. Overall, our findings suggest a feasible strategy to combine the intrinsic nanoenzyme activity and vascular regeneration-promoting properties of the materials with microthermal therapy, facilitating tissue regeneration and functional recovery in MRSA-infected wounds.