Computational analysis of MHD ternary hybrid nanofluid flow with thermochemical reactions through a porous medium on a rotating stretching sheet

Inefficient thermal transmission in heat exchangers requires creative solutions. Ternary hybrid nanofluids have evolved to offer improved thermal efficiency compared to standard nanofluids. The current study involves a ternary hybrid nanofluid of copper oxide (CuO), titanium dioxide (TiO₂), and silver (Ag) nanoparticles suspended in a base fluid of water-ethylene glycol (50–50%) (H₂O–C₂H₆O₂) to enhance thermal efficiency. This comprehensive analysis aims to provide insights into the heat transfer behaviour of a ternary hybrid nanofluid flow through a porous medium, considering the magnetic field effects in the momentum equation, exothermic/endothermic (Thermochemical) reactions in the energy equation, and activation energy in the concentration equation, respectively, on a rotating stretching sheet. Partial differential equations (PDEs) govern the flow problem. PDEs are converted to Ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using a suitable similarity transformation to aid solution. The linearised equations are solved numerically using MATLAB’s “bvp4c” boundary value problem solver. Variations in the velocity, temperature and concentration profiles due to various parameters are presented graphically. The results show that increasing M and Fr values increases \(\theta \) profile by 1.2% and 0.85% respectively. Whereas the overall increase in the heat transfer is 6.65% and mass transfer is 1.86%, making this a substantial contribution to our work. This research will benefit manufacturers of cosmetics, hydraulic fluids, and fibreglass. Furthermore, the findings are supported by the available literature in specific instances, and they exhibit a strong concordance.