Association between serum urate, gout and chronic kidney disease: a scoping review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

Hyperuricemia is highly prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) due to reduced renal urate clearance, which leads to an increased incidence of gout in this population. Additionally, hyperuricemia may be associated with the progression of CKD. Hyperuricemia, gout, and CKD are closely interconnected; however, high-quality evidence to guide the management of hyperuricemia and gout in CKD patients remains insufficient. This literature review aimed to describe the association between hyperuricemia, gout, and CKD. This study reviewed 26 meta-analyses on the relationship between gout, serum urate levels, and CKD and was performed following the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis statement and guidelines. This study demonstrated that the hyperuricemia and gout is associated with high risk of incident CKD. In addition, hyperuricemia is a significant risk factor for CKD progression. However, the renoprotective effects of different types of urate lowering therapy showed inconsistent results. These review findings may contribute to the improvement of the management of CKD patients with hyperuricemia or gout.