{"title":"干眼症诊断和数字屏幕使用的预测分析：一项横断面研究。","authors":"Rekha Ghimire, Raju Kaiti, Ranjila Shyangbo, Santosh Paudel, Youbraj Neupane","doi":"10.18240/ijo.2025.10.05","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To characterize the ocular surface characteristics in the Nepalese population across all age groups who have used digital screens for extended durations over several years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a cross-sectional, observational study, 144 digital screen users were assessed for dry eye disease (DED) using subjective and objective measures. The Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) Questionnaire evaluated symptoms, followed by clinical assessments, including slit lamp biomicroscopy, tear breakup time (TBUT), Oxford Scheme grading, and Schirmer I test. DED was diagnosed if a patient had an OSDI score over 13 and at least two clinical signs (OSDI, Schirmer I test, or ocular staining). The prevalence of DED was calculated based on the proportion of patients meeting these criteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 144 participants (mean age: 34.6±15.2y), 78 (54.2%) were female. The use of digital screens varied between 2-8h (mean duration: 4.1±2.7h) per day. The mean OSDI score, TBUT score, and the Schirmer I scores were 22.7±10.5 (max-min: 24.4-20.9), 6.8±4.2s (max-min: 7.5-6.1), and 12.3±4.6 mm (max-min: 13.1-11.5) respectively with 95% confidence interval (<i>β</i>=1.96), and a two-tailed statistical significance level of 5% (<i>α</i>=0.05). With increased screen use, TBUT shortened and OSDI scores increased significantly (<i>P</i><0.01), though Schirmer I scores were unaffected (<i>P</i>>0.05). The prevalence of DED ranged from 6.3% to 22.9% in those using screens for more than 2h, with an overall prevalence of 67.4% among digital screen users.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is a significant association between prolonged use of digital screens and clinical markers of dry eye signs and symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":14312,"journal":{"name":"International journal of ophthalmology","volume":"18 10","pages":"1851-1855"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12454010/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Predictive analysis of dry eye diagnosis and digital screen usage: a cross-sectional study.\",\"authors\":\"Rekha Ghimire, Raju Kaiti, Ranjila Shyangbo, Santosh Paudel, Youbraj Neupane\",\"doi\":\"10.18240/ijo.2025.10.05\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To characterize the ocular surface characteristics in the Nepalese population across all age groups who have used digital screens for extended durations over several years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a cross-sectional, observational study, 144 digital screen users were assessed for dry eye disease (DED) using subjective and objective measures. The Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) Questionnaire evaluated symptoms, followed by clinical assessments, including slit lamp biomicroscopy, tear breakup time (TBUT), Oxford Scheme grading, and Schirmer I test. DED was diagnosed if a patient had an OSDI score over 13 and at least two clinical signs (OSDI, Schirmer I test, or ocular staining). The prevalence of DED was calculated based on the proportion of patients meeting these criteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 144 participants (mean age: 34.6±15.2y), 78 (54.2%) were female. The use of digital screens varied between 2-8h (mean duration: 4.1±2.7h) per day. The mean OSDI score, TBUT score, and the Schirmer I scores were 22.7±10.5 (max-min: 24.4-20.9), 6.8±4.2s (max-min: 7.5-6.1), and 12.3±4.6 mm (max-min: 13.1-11.5) respectively with 95% confidence interval (<i>β</i>=1.96), and a two-tailed statistical significance level of 5% (<i>α</i>=0.05). With increased screen use, TBUT shortened and OSDI scores increased significantly (<i>P</i><0.01), though Schirmer I scores were unaffected (<i>P</i>>0.05). The prevalence of DED ranged from 6.3% to 22.9% in those using screens for more than 2h, with an overall prevalence of 67.4% among digital screen users.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is a significant association between prolonged use of digital screens and clinical markers of dry eye signs and symptoms.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":14312,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"International journal of ophthalmology\",\"volume\":\"18 10\",\"pages\":\"1851-1855\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.8000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-10-18\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12454010/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"International journal of ophthalmology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.18240/ijo.2025.10.05\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2025/1/1 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"eCollection\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"OPHTHALMOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International journal of ophthalmology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.18240/ijo.2025.10.05","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"OPHTHALMOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Predictive analysis of dry eye diagnosis and digital screen usage: a cross-sectional study.
Aim: To characterize the ocular surface characteristics in the Nepalese population across all age groups who have used digital screens for extended durations over several years.
Methods: In a cross-sectional, observational study, 144 digital screen users were assessed for dry eye disease (DED) using subjective and objective measures. The Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) Questionnaire evaluated symptoms, followed by clinical assessments, including slit lamp biomicroscopy, tear breakup time (TBUT), Oxford Scheme grading, and Schirmer I test. DED was diagnosed if a patient had an OSDI score over 13 and at least two clinical signs (OSDI, Schirmer I test, or ocular staining). The prevalence of DED was calculated based on the proportion of patients meeting these criteria.
Results: Of the 144 participants (mean age: 34.6±15.2y), 78 (54.2%) were female. The use of digital screens varied between 2-8h (mean duration: 4.1±2.7h) per day. The mean OSDI score, TBUT score, and the Schirmer I scores were 22.7±10.5 (max-min: 24.4-20.9), 6.8±4.2s (max-min: 7.5-6.1), and 12.3±4.6 mm (max-min: 13.1-11.5) respectively with 95% confidence interval (β=1.96), and a two-tailed statistical significance level of 5% (α=0.05). With increased screen use, TBUT shortened and OSDI scores increased significantly (P<0.01), though Schirmer I scores were unaffected (P>0.05). The prevalence of DED ranged from 6.3% to 22.9% in those using screens for more than 2h, with an overall prevalence of 67.4% among digital screen users.
Conclusion: There is a significant association between prolonged use of digital screens and clinical markers of dry eye signs and symptoms.
期刊介绍：
· International Journal of Ophthalmology-IJO (English edition) is a global ophthalmological scientific publication
and a peer-reviewed open access periodical (ISSN 2222-3959 print, ISSN 2227-4898 online).
This journal is sponsored by Chinese Medical Association Xi’an Branch and obtains guidance and support from
WHO and ICO (International Council of Ophthalmology). It has been indexed in SCIE, PubMed,
PubMed-Central, Chemical Abstracts, Scopus, EMBASE , and DOAJ. IJO JCR IF in 2017 is 1.166.
IJO was established in 2008, with editorial office in Xi’an, China. It is a monthly publication. General Scientific
Advisors include Prof. Hugh Taylor (President of ICO); Prof.Bruce Spivey (Immediate Past President of ICO);
Prof.Mark Tso (Ex-Vice President of ICO) and Prof.Daiming Fan (Academician and Vice President,
Chinese Academy of Engineering.
International Scientific Advisors include Prof. Serge Resnikoff (WHO Senior Speciatist for Prevention of
blindness), Prof. Chi-Chao Chan (National Eye Institute, USA) and Prof. Richard L Abbott (Ex-President of
AAO/PAAO) et al.
Honorary Editors-in-Chief: Prof. Li-Xin Xie(Academician of Chinese Academy of
Engineering/Honorary President of Chinese Ophthalmological Society); Prof. Dennis Lam (President of APAO) and
Prof. Xiao-Xin Li (Ex-President of Chinese Ophthalmological Society).
Chief Editor: Prof. Xiu-Wen Hu (President of IJO Press).
Editors-in-Chief: Prof. Yan-Nian Hui (Ex-Director, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA) and
Prof. George Chiou (Founding chief editor of Journal of Ocular Pharmacology & Therapeutics).
Associate Editors-in-Chief include:
Prof. Ning-Li Wang (President Elect of APAO);
Prof. Ke Yao (President of Chinese Ophthalmological Society) ;
Prof.William Smiddy (Bascom Palmer Eye instituteUSA) ;
Prof.Joel Schuman (President of Association of University Professors of Ophthalmology,USA);
Prof.Yizhi Liu (Vice President of Chinese Ophtlalmology Society);
Prof.Yu-Sheng Wang (Director of Eye Institute of Chinese PLA);
Prof.Ling-Yun Cheng (Director of Ocular Pharmacology, Shiley Eye Center, USA).
IJO accepts contributions in English from all over the world. It includes mainly original articles and review articles,
both basic and clinical papers.
Instruction is Welcome Contribution is Welcome Citation is Welcome
Cooperation organization
International Council of Ophthalmology(ICO), PubMed, PMC, American Academy of Ophthalmology, Asia-Pacific, Thomson Reuters, The Charlesworth Group, Crossref,Scopus,Publons, DOAJ etc.
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