Order from entropy: big data from FAIR data cohorts in the digital age of plant breeding.

Lack of interoperable datasets in plant breeding research creates an innovation bottleneck, requiring additional effort to integrate diverse datasets-if access is possible at all. Handling of plant breeding data and metadata must, therefore, change toward adopting practices that promote openness, collaboration, standardization, ethical data sharing, sustainability, and transparency of provenance and methodology. FAIR Digital Objects, which build on research data infrastructures and FAIR principles, offer a path to address this interoperability crisis, yet their adoption remains in its infancy. In the present work, we identify data sharing practices in the plant breeding domain as Data Cohorts and establish their connection to FAIR Digital Objects. We further link these cohorts to broader research infrastructures and propose a Data Trustee model for federated data sharing. With this we aim to push the boundaries of data management, often viewed as the last step in plant breeding research, to an ongoing process to enable future innovations in the field.