Antiulcer activity of Prosopis farcta L. fruits extract in rats.

Background: Peptic ulcer is a condition where the lining of the stomach is damaged by acid and/or pepsin, often caused by the use of NSAIDs. Previous research has shown that NSAIDs can suppress prostaglandin-E2 synthesis, causing ulceration and delay ulcer healing process.

Aim: The researcher had investigated the antiulcer activity of Prosopis farcta (PF). fruits extract against indomethacin-induced ulcers in rats, comparing it to the standard drug, ranitidine.

Method: In the study, 36 male albino Wistar rats were used and this study was conducted to assess the safety of the extract. No signs of toxicity were observed in rats given doses up to 5 g/kg body weight, indicating the extract's safety. To induce ulcers, indomethacin (50 mg/kg p.o.) was administered to the rats. The rats were divided into six groups (n = 6), including a control group, a standard control group receiving ranitidine, and groups receiving different doses of PF extract including (300, 400, and 500mg/kg). The rats were sacrificed after seven days of treatment, and their stomachs were examined for ulcer index, total acidity, free acidity, gastric juice volume, and histopathological changes.

Results: The study found that the extract effectively protected against indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal injuries. It showed a significant (p < 0.05) reduced the severity of lesions and increased the percentage protection of ulcers. The extract also decreased gastric acidity and increased mucus production, indicating its cytoprotective properties. Histopathological examination revealed that the extract prevented morphological changes such as inflammation, necrosis, and ulcers caused by indomethacin. Statistical analysis was performed to determine significant differences between groups.

Conclusion: Prosopis farcta L. fruit extract special (400 mg /kg) showed potential as a natural treatment for gastric ulcers and can provide cytoprotective effects.