Advance Helicobacter pylori eradication: Current therapeutic strategies and the potential of lipid-based nanocarriers for targeting receptors

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a Gram-negative bacteria microaerophilic, and spiral-shaped. H. pylori infection remains one of the most difficult challenges, resulting in chronic gastritis and peptic ulcers, increasing the mortality rate due to stomach cancer, exposed to more than 90 % worldwide. New treatment strategies are urgently needed to improve current advances in modern medicine. The lipid-based nanocarrier gained the advantages of drug encapsulation and high retention time in the stomach with the drug release rate for long periods and targeting H. pylori site infection accurately, with more than one strategy. This review article discusses bacterial pathogenesis, virulence mechanism of bacterial infection, and current different therapeutic effectiveness of fighting H. pylori infections. Moreover, this review provides an overview of how to use the novel designs of drugs-loaded lipid micro and nano delivery systems prepared through various biomaterials and natural processes to combat H. pylori infection through impact gastro-maintenance properties, discharge rates, which contributes to the perfection of therapeutic approaches. Moreover, combinatory studies of lipid-based nanocarrier have proven efficiency against H. pylori infection, with an advantage of lower cytotoxicity, minimal side effects, and stronger antibacterial potential. This review will have potential contribution in combating infectious pathogens using lipid-based nano delivery systems.