An integrative framework for precision medication in hypertension: Applying a dialectical perspective to traditional Chinese and Western medicine

Hypertension is the most common cardiovascular disease. In terms of diagnosis and treatment, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and Western medicine each have their own strengths, but also have certain limitations. Affected by the combined effects of genetic and environmental factors, the pharmacotherapy of hypertension shows significant individual differences. Therefore, how to integrate the advantages of TCM and Western medicine to achieve precision medication has become an important research topic. A single diagnostic and therapeutic model is difficult to take into account both the characteristics of TCM's "holistic regulation" and Western medicine's "precision intervention": TCM focuses on holistic syndrome differentiation and the restoration of bodily balance, yet it is relatively vague in the analysis of disease mechanisms and the identification of drug targets; Western medicine excels in targeted therapy, but often overlooks the patient's overall physiological state and the holistic progression of the disease. In the current development of precision medication, the concept of integrative pharmacy provides important support. By systematically integrating multi-source knowledge and technical means, it is committed to combining the macro-holistic perspective with micro-precision intervention, and provides a practical framework for the integration and innovation of TCM and Western medicine. Against this background, TCM takes "holistic concept" and "syndrome differentiation and treatment" as its fundamentals, and devotes itself to maintaining the dynamic balance of human body functions; Western medicine, relying on advanced tools such as genomics and proteomics, emphasizes the precise identification of etiologies and targeted therapy. The two show a dialectical unity in concepts and methods, and jointly serve the realization of the goal of individualized treatment for hypertension. With "principle, method, prescription, and medicine" as the logical main line, this paper systematically explores the diagnostic and therapeutic ideas and practical strategies of TCM and Western medicine for hypertension, and expounds on how to take integrative pharmacy as a bridge to incorporate the holistic thinking of TCM into the modern precision medication system, thereby providing theoretical references and practical paths for promoting the integrated diagnosis and treatment of hypertension with TCM and Western medicine and the implementation of precise drug intervention.