Association of Magnesium Depletion Score with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in adults with diabetes

Background

This study was to investigate the associations between Magnesium Depletion Score (MDS) and all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in American adults with diabetes.

Materials and methods

Data was gathered from NHANES between 1999 and 2018 and utilized together with the National Death Index to track deaths. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) of MDS for all-cause and CVD mortality. Kaplan–Meier survival analyses were performed using log-rank tests. Subgroup analyses were conducted while accounting for confounding variables.

Results

A total of 7078 adults with diabetes were included in this study. This study observed a total of 1904 all-cause deaths and 542 deaths due to CVD over a median follow-up period of 88 months. After adjusting for all relevant factors, HR of MDS ≥ 3 was 1.47 (95 % CI: 1.21–1.77) for all-cause mortality and 1.89 (95 % CI: 1.31–2.72) for CVD mortality compared to MDS = 0 (P for trend < 0.001). The HRs were 1.13 (95 % CI: 1.07–1.19) for all-cause mortality and 1.24 (95 % CI: 1.13–1.37) for CVD mortality. The strength of the correlation was significantly affected by age (p for interaction = 0.003) and hypertension (p for interaction = 0.001). The subgroup analysis findings demonstrated the constant association between MDS and CVD mortality across various subgroups (all p for interaction > 0.05).

Conclusion

The findings of this study suggest that individuals with diabetes who have a high MDS may have an increased risk of all-cause and CVD mortality. Timely interventions, particularly in those with an MDS of 3 or higher, could potentially mitigate this risk.