Advances and Challenges in the Application of Radiolabeled Magnetic Nanoparticles for Cancer Theranostics.

Radiolabeled magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), particularly superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), have gained significant attention in the field of cancer theranostics due to their potential in targeted therapy and molecular imaging. This review highlights recent advancements in the development of various radiolabeled SPIONs, including those functionalized with polyethylene glycol (PEG), DTPA, and other targeting agents. These nanoparticles are designed for multiple clinical applications, including hyperthermia, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and radiotherapy. However, the translation of these promising nanostructures into clinical practice faces several challenges, such as issues with surface functionalization, toxicity, stability, and the complexities of multimodal imaging. The review also explores creative approaches to overcome these challenges, such as designing multicomponent nanostructures, utilizing chelator-based and chelator-free radiolabeling techniques, employing click chemistry for radiolabeling, and enhancing biocompatibility methods. Ultimately, radiolabeled SPIONs have the potential to revolutionize cancer treatment and imaging, but further optimization is required to overcome existing obstacles and enhance their clinical applicability.