Living in fear: The psychological impact of the threat of sexual violence on women in India

In today's society, women are increasingly vulnerable to sexual violence, whether at home, in the workplace, or in public spaces. This study aims to explore how the perceived threat of sexual violence affects the psychological well-being and daily behavior of women aged 20–30 in northern India, with a focus on fear, stress, and anxiety. A qualitative approach was employed, using semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of 20 women. Data were collected through text-based online interviews, and thematic analysis was performed to identify key patterns and insights related to the psychological impact of sexual violence. Based on Trauma Theory, Cognitive Processing Theory, and feminist perspectives, the findings revealed that the fear of sexual violence led to heightened stress and anxiety, significantly affecting participants' mental well-being. Many women reported behavioral changes such as avoiding certain locations and altering daily routines to stay safe. The study highlighted the role of societal norms and family pressures in shaping how women deal with these threats. This study also underscores the urgent need for mental health support for women coping with the psychological toll of sexual violence.