Self-Powered Micrometeorological Monitoring by Electromagnetic–Triboelectric Hybrid Generator in Transmission Lines

The power supply problem of perception terminals such as micrometeorological monitoring sensors on high-voltage transmission lines restricts their large-scale development. Herein, a hybrid self-powered micrometeorological remote monitoring system that integrates triboelectric and electromagnetic technologies is proposed. In the system, wind energy monitoring and energy harvesting device plays an important role. It includes three functions: electromagnetic generator can stabilize a 5 F supercapacitor at 5.34 V within 417 s and supply power to the microcontroller unit, monitoring sensor units, and communication units; wind speed triboelectric nanogenerator rotates to output AC signal, which can detect the wind speed of transmission line, and the fitting goodness of wind speed and frequency can reach 0.998; while wind direction triboelectric nanogenerator can effectively reduce the transmission overhead, the multisignal processing circuit and multisignal detection port required for multiangle wind direction detection are optimized to just two processing circuits and two signal detection ports. This work can monitor the wind speed, wind direction, temperature, humidity, and air pressure of field transmission lines in real time without external power supply. Triboelectric–electromagnetic hybrid self-powered micrometeorological remote monitoring system has a good engineering application prospect in the field of smart grid.