A Comprehensive Review on Wrap-Faced Embankments

Wrap-faced embankments, a noteworthy innovation in geotechnical engineering, present a compelling solution for tackling diverse infrastructure challenges. This comprehensive study assesses their performance in various critical aspects, thereby unlocking their potential to revolutionize contemporary civil engineering endeavors. Notably, the response to acceleration amplification shows that these embankments exhibit adaptability to different surcharge loads, fostering stability while demonstrating a proportional relationship with base acceleration, particularly at elevated embankment levels. Moreover, their proficiency in reducing face displacement in response to surcharge pressure underscores their structural stability, especially under seismic influences. Furthermore, these embankments display versatility in adapting to strain variations, presenting an avenue for improved performance under dynamic loading conditions by adjusting surcharge loads and enhancing earthquake resistance with geotextiles. In the realm of pore water pressure response, their capability to manage increasing pressures with adjustments to backfill soil density further augments their suitability for dynamic loading conditions. Despite these strengths, they do necessitate tailored seismic design guidelines and consideration of deformation zones. Ultimately, wrap-faced embankments manifest advantages in seismic resilience, land acquisition efficiency, environmental compatibility, cost-effectiveness, agricultural land preservation, long-term performance, and minimal maintenance, effectively addressing various infrastructure challenges. With ongoing innovations in materials, design software, and construction techniques, their potential to enhance geotechnical engineering and infrastructure development remains promising and significant.