Michael Macías-Pro, Emilio Jarre Castro, Juan Manuel Moreira Castro, José María Montoya Terán and Ezequiel Zamora-Ledezma
{"title":"碳库是否因厄瓜多尔的热带干燥森林和季节而异?来自时空评估的实验证据","authors":"Michael Macías-Pro, Emilio Jarre Castro, Juan Manuel Moreira Castro, José María Montoya Terán and Ezequiel Zamora-Ledezma","doi":"10.1039/D5VA00018A","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p >Tropical dry forests (TDFs) are critical carbon reservoirs, yet their carbon storage dynamics remain poorly understood, particularly across seasons, forest subtypes, and species′ contributions. This study examined carbon pools—soil organic carbon (SOC), aboveground biomass carbon (CAGB), and litterfall carbon (C-litterfall)—across three TDF subtypes along the Ecuadorian coast. Twelve 100 m<small><sup>2</sup></small> plots were monitored semi-annually during rainy and dry seasons, with extrapolations made to assess total forest patch carbon stocks. SOC was the dominant carbon pool across all subtypes and seasons, with rainy periods contributing to greater SOC stability (LSF, 75.51 Mg ha<small><sup>−1</sup></small>; LDF, 70.01 Mg ha<small><sup>−1</sup></small>; SPF, 69.27 Mg ha<small><sup>−1</sup></small>) compared to dry periods (LDF, 54.70 Mg ha<small><sup>−1</sup></small>; LSF, 53.35 Mg ha<small><sup>−1</sup></small>; SPF, 39.39 Mg ha<small><sup>−1</sup></small>). CAGB and C-litterfall displayed significant seasonal variation, with litterfall peaking in the dry season, particularly in LSF (0.4 Mg ha<small><sup>−1</sup></small>). Across subtypes, total carbon densities averaged 94.0 Mg ha<small><sup>−1</sup></small> in LSF, 67.4 Mg ha<small><sup>−1</sup></small> in SPF, and 99.9 Mg ha<small><sup>−1</sup></small> in LDF. Plant species significantly influenced CAGB. In LSF, <em>T. integerrima</em> contributed the most to CAGB (6.4–6.7 Mg ha<small><sup>−1</sup></small>), while <em>C. eggersii</em> dominated in SPF (4.5–4.4 Mg ha<small><sup>−1</sup></small>). In LDF, <em>C. lutea</em> was the leading contributor, storing 13.8–13.9 Mg ha<small><sup>−1</sup></small> of biomass carbon. Extrapolation to forest patches revealed substantial spatial differences, with LDF sequestering the most carbon (526 133.3 Mg), followed by SPF (463 133.0 Mg) and LSF (3113.3 Mg). These findings underscore the critical roles of species composition, climatic variability, and forest structure in carbon sequestration, emphasizing the need for tailored conservation strategies to mitigate climate change impacts.</p>","PeriodicalId":72941,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science. Advances","volume":" 10","pages":" 1663-1683"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4000,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/va/d5va00018a?page=search","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Does the carbon pool vary among Ecuador's tropical dry forests and seasons? Experimental evidence from spatio-temporal assessments\",\"authors\":\"Michael Macías-Pro, Emilio Jarre Castro, Juan Manuel Moreira Castro, José María Montoya Terán and Ezequiel Zamora-Ledezma\",\"doi\":\"10.1039/D5VA00018A\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p >Tropical dry forests (TDFs) are critical carbon reservoirs, yet their carbon storage dynamics remain poorly understood, particularly across seasons, forest subtypes, and species′ contributions. This study examined carbon pools—soil organic carbon (SOC), aboveground biomass carbon (CAGB), and litterfall carbon (C-litterfall)—across three TDF subtypes along the Ecuadorian coast. Twelve 100 m<small><sup>2</sup></small> plots were monitored semi-annually during rainy and dry seasons, with extrapolations made to assess total forest patch carbon stocks. SOC was the dominant carbon pool across all subtypes and seasons, with rainy periods contributing to greater SOC stability (LSF, 75.51 Mg ha<small><sup>−1</sup></small>; LDF, 70.01 Mg ha<small><sup>−1</sup></small>; SPF, 69.27 Mg ha<small><sup>−1</sup></small>) compared to dry periods (LDF, 54.70 Mg ha<small><sup>−1</sup></small>; LSF, 53.35 Mg ha<small><sup>−1</sup></small>; SPF, 39.39 Mg ha<small><sup>−1</sup></small>). CAGB and C-litterfall displayed significant seasonal variation, with litterfall peaking in the dry season, particularly in LSF (0.4 Mg ha<small><sup>−1</sup></small>). Across subtypes, total carbon densities averaged 94.0 Mg ha<small><sup>−1</sup></small> in LSF, 67.4 Mg ha<small><sup>−1</sup></small> in SPF, and 99.9 Mg ha<small><sup>−1</sup></small> in LDF. Plant species significantly influenced CAGB. In LSF, <em>T. integerrima</em> contributed the most to CAGB (6.4–6.7 Mg ha<small><sup>−1</sup></small>), while <em>C. eggersii</em> dominated in SPF (4.5–4.4 Mg ha<small><sup>−1</sup></small>). In LDF, <em>C. lutea</em> was the leading contributor, storing 13.8–13.9 Mg ha<small><sup>−1</sup></small> of biomass carbon. Extrapolation to forest patches revealed substantial spatial differences, with LDF sequestering the most carbon (526 133.3 Mg), followed by SPF (463 133.0 Mg) and LSF (3113.3 Mg). These findings underscore the critical roles of species composition, climatic variability, and forest structure in carbon sequestration, emphasizing the need for tailored conservation strategies to mitigate climate change impacts.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":72941,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Environmental science. Advances\",\"volume\":\" 10\",\"pages\":\" 1663-1683\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.4000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-08-15\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/va/d5va00018a?page=search\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Environmental science. 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Does the carbon pool vary among Ecuador's tropical dry forests and seasons? Experimental evidence from spatio-temporal assessments
Tropical dry forests (TDFs) are critical carbon reservoirs, yet their carbon storage dynamics remain poorly understood, particularly across seasons, forest subtypes, and species′ contributions. This study examined carbon pools—soil organic carbon (SOC), aboveground biomass carbon (CAGB), and litterfall carbon (C-litterfall)—across three TDF subtypes along the Ecuadorian coast. Twelve 100 m2 plots were monitored semi-annually during rainy and dry seasons, with extrapolations made to assess total forest patch carbon stocks. SOC was the dominant carbon pool across all subtypes and seasons, with rainy periods contributing to greater SOC stability (LSF, 75.51 Mg ha−1; LDF, 70.01 Mg ha−1; SPF, 69.27 Mg ha−1) compared to dry periods (LDF, 54.70 Mg ha−1; LSF, 53.35 Mg ha−1; SPF, 39.39 Mg ha−1). CAGB and C-litterfall displayed significant seasonal variation, with litterfall peaking in the dry season, particularly in LSF (0.4 Mg ha−1). Across subtypes, total carbon densities averaged 94.0 Mg ha−1 in LSF, 67.4 Mg ha−1 in SPF, and 99.9 Mg ha−1 in LDF. Plant species significantly influenced CAGB. In LSF, T. integerrima contributed the most to CAGB (6.4–6.7 Mg ha−1), while C. eggersii dominated in SPF (4.5–4.4 Mg ha−1). In LDF, C. lutea was the leading contributor, storing 13.8–13.9 Mg ha−1 of biomass carbon. Extrapolation to forest patches revealed substantial spatial differences, with LDF sequestering the most carbon (526 133.3 Mg), followed by SPF (463 133.0 Mg) and LSF (3113.3 Mg). These findings underscore the critical roles of species composition, climatic variability, and forest structure in carbon sequestration, emphasizing the need for tailored conservation strategies to mitigate climate change impacts.