Mitigation of biochemical stress response effects in Swiss albino mice via Syzygium cumini and Nigella sativa seed extract dietary supplementation following deltamethrin exposure

Deltamethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid pesticide, is known to induce significant oxidative stress and immunotoxicity upon prolonged exposure. This study investigates the biochemical and physiological impact of deltamethrin on Swiss albino mice and explores the protective potential of Syzygium cumini and Nigella sativa seed extracts. Mice were grouped and administered deltamethrin (18 mg/kg) alone or in combination with seed extracts (100 mg/kg each), and biochemical, hematological, and organ-specific parameters were assessed. Deltamethrin exposure led to marked reductions in body and organ weights, altered hematological indices (e.g., elevated WBC, reduced Hb), and significant changes in serum biomarkers, including elevated ALT, AST, ALKP, cholesterol, and creatinine—indicating hepatic and renal stress. Supplementation with S. cumini and N. sativa extracts ameliorated these effects, as seen by normalized organ weights, improved blood profiles, and reduced enzyme levels. The combined extract treatment exhibited synergistic protective effects. These findings suggest that dietary supplementation with antioxidant-rich seed extracts can effectively mitigate deltamethrin induced biochemical stress, highlighting their potential as natural protective agents in pesticide-exposed systems.