Mott-Schottky electrocatalysts for water splitting

The electron configuration of the active sites can be effectively modulated by regulating the inherent nanostructure of the electrocatalysts, thereby enhancing their electrocatalytic performance. To tackle the unexplored challenge of substantial electrochemical overpotential, surface reconstruction has emerged as a necessary strategy. Focusing on key aspects such as Janus structures, overflow effects, the d-band center displacement hypothesis, and interface coupling related to electrochemical reactions is essential for water electrolysis. Emerging as frontrunners among next-generation electrocatalysts, Mott-Schottky (M-S) catalysts feature a heterojunction formed between a metal and a semiconductor, offering customizable and predictable interfacial synergy. This review offers an in-depth examination of the processes driving the hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions (HER and OER), highlighting the benefits of employing nanoscale transition metal nitrides, carbides, oxides, and phosphides in M-S heterointerface catalysts. Furthermore, the challenges, limitations, and future prospects of employing M-S heterostructured catalysts for water splitting are thoroughly discussed.