Mohamed Brahmi , Sara Moumnassi , Kamal Essifi , Emilie Dumas , Abdeslam Asehraou , Abdesselam Tahani , Adem Gharsallaoui
{"title":"carvacrol负载蒙脱石-酪蛋白酸盐杂交体作为活性添加剂开发海藻酸盐-壳聚糖抗菌微胶囊","authors":"Mohamed Brahmi , Sara Moumnassi , Kamal Essifi , Emilie Dumas , Abdeslam Asehraou , Abdesselam Tahani , Adem Gharsallaoui","doi":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107996","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presented a novel approach for encapsulating carvacrol, a volatile compound with antimicrobial properties, using montmorillonite-based hybrid materials prepared via an evaporation–adsorption process under vacuum at room temperature. These hybrids were incorporated as active additives into alginate-chitosan microcapsules. The effect of montmorillonite surface functionalization was examined by preparing two types of carvacrol-loaded composites: one with sodium caseinate intercalated within the clay layers, and another with caseinate adsorbed onto the external surface. Among these, the intercalated composite (Cas0.5@Mt-3) showed the highest carvacrol adsorption capacity, reaching 176.87 mg/g compared to 155.83 mg/g for the unmodified clay. This enhancement was attributed to the diffusion of carvacrol into the interlayer space, as supported by XRD analysis showing increased interlayer spacing.</div><div>The carvacrol-loaded hybrids were incorporated into alginate matrices at three concentrations (1 %, 2 %, and 3 % <em>w</em>/w) using ionotropic gelation to form stable microcapsules. Higher encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity were achieved with the hybrid composites, likely due to the amphiphilic nature of caseinate, which improved compatibility between the additive and the polymeric matrix, as confirmed by FT-IR and TGA analysis.</div><div>In vitro release studies in food-simulating media revealed more controlled carvacrol release in aqueous medium, while acidic and oily conditions led to faster diffusion. Antimicrobial tests against selected strains demonstrated enhanced inhibition, attributed to the synergistic effect of carvacrol and the polymeric components, particularly chitosan used for crosslinking. These results supported the effectiveness of this approach and its potential for developing active polymer-based systems to improve carvacrol bioavailability in food-related applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":245,"journal":{"name":"Applied Clay Science","volume":"278 ","pages":"Article 107996"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Carvacrol-loaded montmorillonite–caseinate hybrids as active additives for the development of antimicrobial alginate-chitosan microcapsules\",\"authors\":\"Mohamed Brahmi , Sara Moumnassi , Kamal Essifi , Emilie Dumas , Abdeslam Asehraou , Abdesselam Tahani , Adem Gharsallaoui\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107996\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><div>This study presented a novel approach for encapsulating carvacrol, a volatile compound with antimicrobial properties, using montmorillonite-based hybrid materials prepared via an evaporation–adsorption process under vacuum at room temperature. These hybrids were incorporated as active additives into alginate-chitosan microcapsules. The effect of montmorillonite surface functionalization was examined by preparing two types of carvacrol-loaded composites: one with sodium caseinate intercalated within the clay layers, and another with caseinate adsorbed onto the external surface. Among these, the intercalated composite (Cas0.5@Mt-3) showed the highest carvacrol adsorption capacity, reaching 176.87 mg/g compared to 155.83 mg/g for the unmodified clay. This enhancement was attributed to the diffusion of carvacrol into the interlayer space, as supported by XRD analysis showing increased interlayer spacing.</div><div>The carvacrol-loaded hybrids were incorporated into alginate matrices at three concentrations (1 %, 2 %, and 3 % <em>w</em>/w) using ionotropic gelation to form stable microcapsules. Higher encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity were achieved with the hybrid composites, likely due to the amphiphilic nature of caseinate, which improved compatibility between the additive and the polymeric matrix, as confirmed by FT-IR and TGA analysis.</div><div>In vitro release studies in food-simulating media revealed more controlled carvacrol release in aqueous medium, while acidic and oily conditions led to faster diffusion. Antimicrobial tests against selected strains demonstrated enhanced inhibition, attributed to the synergistic effect of carvacrol and the polymeric components, particularly chitosan used for crosslinking. These results supported the effectiveness of this approach and its potential for developing active polymer-based systems to improve carvacrol bioavailability in food-related applications.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":245,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Applied Clay Science\",\"volume\":\"278 \",\"pages\":\"Article 107996\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":5.8000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-09-17\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Applied Clay Science\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"89\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169131725003011\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"地球科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Applied Clay Science","FirstCategoryId":"89","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169131725003011","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
Carvacrol-loaded montmorillonite–caseinate hybrids as active additives for the development of antimicrobial alginate-chitosan microcapsules
This study presented a novel approach for encapsulating carvacrol, a volatile compound with antimicrobial properties, using montmorillonite-based hybrid materials prepared via an evaporation–adsorption process under vacuum at room temperature. These hybrids were incorporated as active additives into alginate-chitosan microcapsules. The effect of montmorillonite surface functionalization was examined by preparing two types of carvacrol-loaded composites: one with sodium caseinate intercalated within the clay layers, and another with caseinate adsorbed onto the external surface. Among these, the intercalated composite (Cas0.5@Mt-3) showed the highest carvacrol adsorption capacity, reaching 176.87 mg/g compared to 155.83 mg/g for the unmodified clay. This enhancement was attributed to the diffusion of carvacrol into the interlayer space, as supported by XRD analysis showing increased interlayer spacing.
The carvacrol-loaded hybrids were incorporated into alginate matrices at three concentrations (1 %, 2 %, and 3 % w/w) using ionotropic gelation to form stable microcapsules. Higher encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity were achieved with the hybrid composites, likely due to the amphiphilic nature of caseinate, which improved compatibility between the additive and the polymeric matrix, as confirmed by FT-IR and TGA analysis.
In vitro release studies in food-simulating media revealed more controlled carvacrol release in aqueous medium, while acidic and oily conditions led to faster diffusion. Antimicrobial tests against selected strains demonstrated enhanced inhibition, attributed to the synergistic effect of carvacrol and the polymeric components, particularly chitosan used for crosslinking. These results supported the effectiveness of this approach and its potential for developing active polymer-based systems to improve carvacrol bioavailability in food-related applications.
期刊介绍:
Applied Clay Science aims to be an international journal attracting high quality scientific papers on clays and clay minerals, including research papers, reviews, and technical notes. The journal covers typical subjects of Fundamental and Applied Clay Science such as:
• Synthesis and purification
• Structural, crystallographic and mineralogical properties of clays and clay minerals
• Thermal properties of clays and clay minerals
• Physico-chemical properties including i) surface and interface properties; ii) thermodynamic properties; iii) mechanical properties
• Interaction with water, with polar and apolar molecules
• Colloidal properties and rheology
• Adsorption, Intercalation, Ionic exchange
• Genesis and deposits of clay minerals
• Geology and geochemistry of clays
• Modification of clays and clay minerals properties by thermal and physical treatments
• Modification by chemical treatments with organic and inorganic molecules(organoclays, pillared clays)
• Modification by biological microorganisms. etc...