10E analysis of hemicylindrical solar stills with chlorinated polyvinyl chloride with N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone coatings: Comparison and assessment of modified hemicylindrical solar still with conventional hemicylindrical solar still

In the current research, a novel modification of the hemicylindrical solar still (HCSS) is proposed by integrating chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) and N-methyl-2-pyrolidone (NMP) coatings, with its performance evaluated using the comprehensive 10E analysis framework. Experimental comparisons were conducted between the conventional HCSS (CSS) and the modified HCSS (MHCSS). The results demonstrated that the MHCSS achieved an average freshwater yield of 0.533 L/m², which is approximately 52 % higher than the CSS (0.35 L/m²). Similarly, the MHCSS attained a maximum energy efficiency of 36.83 % and exergy efficiency of 27.43 %, compared to 22.7 % and 18.24 %, respectively, for the CSS. From an economic perspective, the modified system achieved a unit cost of water (UAC) of 31.88, demonstrating its cost-effectiveness. Furthermore, the MHCSS achieved a net CO₂ reduction of 50 tons, confirming its environmental sustainability. For lifespan scenarios of 15, 20, and 30 years, the enviroeconomic and energoenvironmental parameters were found to be 155.1, 190.4, and 296.4, and 10.69, 14.76, and 22.89, respectively. The proposed modification not only improves productivity and efficiency but also enhances environmental performance and long-term economic viability. Overall, the integration of CPVC/NMP coatings introduces a novel and practical pathway for improving solar desalination technologies, particularly for rural and off-grid water-scarce regions.