Multi-shaped perfect vector beam manipulation

The complex vector mode is a general state in which light is inseparable in spatial and polarization degrees of freedom. Controlling the spatial distribution of complex vector modes with different parameters is vital. Herein, we propose a method to generate the multi-shaped perfect vector beam (MPVB) based on a digital micromirror device (DMD) for the first time. Owing to the high refresh rate and polarization independence of DMD itself, we designed and built a novel interference experimental setup based on DMD and half-wave plate. Firstly, we realized the theoretical characterization of arbitrary polarization distributions on the cross-section of the MPVB. Subsequently, we achieved flexible control of MPVBs at arbitrary positions on the higher-order Poincaré sphere and hybrid-order Poincaré sphere, and the vector quality factor (VQF) is calculated based on Stokes parameters. This technique provides a vector beam generation and manipulation method in two-dimensional parameter space and may find important application in optical imaging, microscopy, and optical tweezers.