Progress and perspectives in source-sink matching for CCUS: A critical review

As an essential technology for significant emission reductions, carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) rely critically on source-sink matching. This fundamental element plays a vital role by connecting CO₂ emission points (sources) to appropriate geological storage sites (sinks) efficiently and cost-effectively. Such matching is indispensable for realizing CCUS's potential in widespread deployment and environmental benefits. Although the matching technology framework is relatively mature, comprehensive reviews specifically addressing source-sink matching remain limited. This paper systematically reviews the current advancements in CCUS source-sink matching research, focusing on the three core dimensions of “source-sink-matching,” and synthesizes key elements, including the spatiotemporal distribution patterns of global CO₂ emission sources, geological capacity assessment, and potential distribution, as well as transportation modes connecting sources and sinks. Through in-depth analysis, this paper identifies four systemic challenges: disconnects in technology-economy-policy systems; discrepancies in data accuracy and scale between sources and sinks; inflexible transport optimization methods and insufficient cluster collaboration; and algorithm-physical mechanism disconnections lacking dynamic evolution characterization. Building on a thorough examination of current challenges and developments, this study proposes strategic recommendations for enhancing CCUS source-sink matching frameworks. These recommendations aim to accelerate global CCUS deployment planning and advance international carbon neutrality goals.