Modeling and analysis of an environmentally friendly CuBi2O4 solar cell with advanced n/p/p+ architecture

This work presents a numerical investigation into the performance of a dual absorber solar cell structure employing Copper Bismuth Oxide (CuBi₂O₄) in an n/p/p⁺ configuration. CuBi₂O₄, a low-cost and environmentally friendly material, offers promising optoelectronic properties, making it a suitable candidate for thin-film photovoltaic applications. Using SCAPS-1D simulation software, the solar cell architecture was systematically optimized by varying key material and structural parameters, including layer thicknesses, doping concentrations, and defect densities. The proposed design demonstrates an impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 28.13 %, with an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.27 V, short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 25.58 mA/cm², and a fill factor (FF) of 85.86 %. The enhanced performance is attributed to improved charge carrier separation and reduced recombination losses at the optimized interfaces. These findings establish the potential of CuBi₂O₄ in high-efficiency, lead-free solar cell applications and provide a valuable reference for future experimental and simulation-based research.