Bridging the gender gap in powered two-wheeler mobility: Proposals from Barcelona

Powered two-wheelers (PTWs), including motorcycles, scooters, and mopeds, offer an efficient alternative to automobiles in urban areas. However, women remain significantly underrepresented among PTW users. This study examines the gender gap in PTW mobility using Barcelona as a case study of how urban morphology, climate, cultural attitudes, and economic factors shape gender disparities in PTW mobility. While PTW usage remains male-dominated globally, Barcelona exhibits a significantly higher proportion of female riders, demonstrating that compact cities with pedestrian-friendly environments, traffic-calming measures, and a strong scooter culture can foster more inclusive two-wheeled mobility. Field observations confirm that women are more likely to use PTWs in high-density districts with narrow streets and reduced traffic speeds, reinforcing the link between urban design and gendered mobility choices. Safety perceptions remain a key barrier. However, technological advancements, particularly the rise of electric PTWs, promise to further reduce gender disparities. This study offers insights for urban planners and policymakers, demonstrating how lessons from Barcelona can guide efforts to foster more inclusive transportation systems in other cities.