自由民主的第一批理论家

IF 1.2 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE
Arthur Ghins
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引用次数: 0

摘要

谁是自由民主的第一批理论家?自20世纪中期以来,学者们将这一称号归功于洛克、孟德斯鸠、康德、麦迪逊、康斯坦斯、托克维尔、密尔和林肯等人物。然而,这些思想家都没有使用“自由民主”这个词。本文并没有追溯这一标签,而是采用了行动者分类的方法来考察“自由民主”对那些最初使用它的人意味着什么。这个词起源于19世纪60年代的法国,是由反对拿破仑三世的自由主义者创造的。本文认为,自由民主被认为是一个有争议的概念,旨在对抗对立的民主定义。它还探讨了其基本含义之一:民意统治。文章最后展示了这种争论性特征和对公众舆论的强调如何在法国和其他地方继续塑造自由民主理论。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The First Theorists of Liberal Democracy

Who were the first theorists of liberal democracy? Since the mid-20th century, scholars have attributed this title to figures like Locke, Montesquieu, Kant, Madison, Constant, Tocqueville, Mill, and Lincoln. Yet none of these thinkers used the term “liberal democracy.” Rather than retroactively applying this label, this essay adopts an actor's categories methodology to examine what “liberal democracy” meant to those who first used it. The term originated in 1860s France, coined by liberals opposing Napoleon III. This article argues that liberal democracy was conceived as a polemical concept, designed to counter rival definitions of democracy. It also explores one of its foundational meanings: rule by public opinion. The essay concludes by showing how this polemical character and emphasis on public opinion continue to shape liberal-democratic theory in France and beyond.

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