Deliberative Theory for Re-Focusing the Concept, Measurement, and Analysis of Substantive Reasons in Political Discussions

Based on theories of deliberative democracy, this article explores the substantive content of reasons as a conceptual tool. Although most studies focus on procedural dimensions, we argue that identifying and mapping substantive reasons contributes to advancing empirical investigation in a theoretically informed and normatively relevant way. More precisely, using a typology of reasons contributes to: (i) systematically tracking agreements and disagreements on controversial political issues and better understanding the complexities of political judgments, in a more nuanced and quantifiable description; (ii) deal with some contemporary methodological challenges to understand reciprocity and reflexivity; and (iii) explore disrespectful and undemocratic commitments in argumentation. In this context, we draw implications for broadening research at a macro-level or systemic analysis. To elucidate the practical feasibility of the proposed measure, we offer examples of operationalization in different research designs and ways of engaging in rich and historically based explanations.